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The pilot on the Mary Rose might have used
a sort of chart called a "Portulan".
This showed the outline of the coast and the names of ports.
Compass roses were drawn on the chart to help the pilot fix his course.
The charts were made of goat or sheepskin. Why do you think leather was
better than paper on board ship?
HINT: What happens to paper when it gets wet?
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The pilot would have also had a book of written
sailing instructions. This was usually called a "Rutter".
It had useful information like lists of landmarks, distances, tide tables
and notes about rocks and places to anchor.
A number of book covers were found on the Mary Rose, one of them might
have been a Rutter but the pages have not survived.
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