Read an introduction to some possible applications of Virtual Reality Modelling in relation to Karst and Caves..

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These examples require special
viewer software to enable you to see and control movement and behaviour - see below right
Karst regions Picos de Cornion, N Spain ?

!! (large, complex) !!
Black Mountain, 
S Wales ?
Now includes DYO
(medium)
1st Division Sarawak
Caves Pozu del Xitu?
Pozu Jultayu ?

(medium)
Ogof Rhuwadwy ?

(small )
Tang Baan ?

(medium)
Follow links to related sites about caves in 3D.

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There are many choices of VRML software but from much experience with the options I strongly recommend that Windows PC users use CosmoPlayer with their browser. It is fast, complete, free, and has evolved a very usable interface. With the other tools (as summarised in the introduction) I've had problems with speed and memory, incomplete implementation of the various VRML standards, poor presentation, awkward navigation, and worse... Unix/Linux users may be able to use the Solaris version, or FreeWRL


The Picos de Cornion is the western massif of the Picos de Europa. It is renouned for its rugged glacio-karst scenery, its historico-cultural significance to Christian Spain through the legendary routing of the Moors under the Cueva Santa at Covadonga in 718AD and, not least, for its deep and long caves, to most of which light has only come since the Oxford University Cave Club began explorations in 1961.

Pozu del Xitu was the first really deep cave to be explored in the Cornion. In 1981 it was the deepest cave to have been discovered and explored by British cavers, the 6th deepest cave in the world, 3rd deepest in Spain, and deepest in the Picos. It is still the deepest of the Cornion caves but more than 41caves are now known to exceed its depth, 9 of them in Spain, 5 in the Picos.

Pozu Jultayu combines huge passages and shafts with tight sections and great potential. Its entrance is higher than Xitu and it drains to the same resurgence at Culiembro in the Gargantada del Cares, but there are blockages at the furthest known limits.


The Black Mountain, or Carmarthen Fan, is an upland area in South Wales where a narrow outcrop of limestone takes runoff from impervious strata. From the resurgences of Llygad Llwchr to the west to Dan-yr-Ogof in the east is 20km of moorland crossed by only one road.

Ogof Rhuadwy (Roaring Hole) is a cave under active exploration by members of the Garimpeiros, South Wales, and Oxford and Cambridge University Cave Clubs (4 clubs but mainly 3 people!). It has a permanent stream which has been dye-traced to Dan-yr-Ogof.


Tang Baan is a typically tropical cave by Jalan Puncak Borneo (the Way to Borneo Heights, the upgraded, extended and renamed Penrissen Road) in Sarawak, E Malaysia. It has been known to local people for many years but was first recorded in Proceeding of the Oxford University Cave Club 11, 1984, pp50-62 following surveying of about 6km length and about 110m vertical range in 1983. The lowest points are at the level of the padi fields outside. There is now a large limestone quarry not far to the NE which could pose a danger to other caves in Gunung Bugal.


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