Title: The Klingon Dictionary (2nd edition)

Author: Marc Okrand, 1992

Published: New York: Pocket Books, Simon & Schuster Inc.

[2000] Charset: ISO-5589-1, OCR-scanned from original.

[2000-10-19] Changed some commas (found with `grep ", [A-Z]"') to periods.

[2000-11-01] Added the Klingon-English dictionary section & front/back cover.

[2000-11-06] Added the English-Klingon dictionary section.

[20020116] Changed some minor spelling errors.

]]

[[front cover]]

Including New Material from

STAR TREK

THE NEXT GENERATION® and STAR TREK VI!

STAR TREK

THE OFFICIAL GUIDE TO KLINGON

WORDS AND PHRASES

By MARC OKRAND

THE

KLINGON

DICTIONARY

ENGLISH/KLINGON

KLINGON/ENGLISH

[[inside front cover]]

0 76714 01000 0 74559

ISBN 0-671-74559-X

[[p.1]]

{Learn to Speak Klingon Like a Native

with Easy Phrases Like:}

What do you want? ---nuqneH

(greeting) (pronounced nook-NEKH)

That is unfortunate. ---Do'Ha'

(pronounced do-KHA)

I don't understand. ---jIyajbe'

(pronounced ji-YAJ-be)

It's not my fault. ---pIch vIghajbe'

(pronounced pich vi-ghaj-BE)

Beam me aboard! ---HIjol

(pronounced khi-JOL)[[p.2]]

Most Pocket Books are available at special quantity discounts for bulk purchases for sales promotions, pre-miums or fund raising. Special books or book excerpts can also be created to fit specific needs.

For details write the office of the Vice President of Special Markets, Pocket Books, 1230 Avenue of the Americas, New York, New York 10020.[[p.3]]

THE

KLINGON

DICTIONARY

ENGLISH/KLINGON

KLINGON/ENGLISH

By MARC OKRAND

Based on the Klingon language in

STAR TREK® and

STAR TREK: THE NEXT GENERATION®

POCKET BOOKS

New York London Toronto Sydney Tokyo Singapore[[p.4]]

The sale of this book without its cover is unauthorized. If you purchased

this book without a cover, you should be aware that it was reported to the publisher as `ùnsold and destroyed.'' Neither the author nor the publisher has received payment for the sale of this ``stripped book.''

This book is a work of fiction. Names, characters, places and incidents are either products of the author's imagination or are used fictitiously. Any resemblance to actual events or locales or persons, living or dead, is entirely coincidental.

An <Original> publication of Pocket Books POCKET BOOKS, a division of Simon & Schuster Inc.

1230 Avenue of the Americas, New York, NY 10020

Copyright © 1985 by Paramount Pictures

Addendum copyright © 1992 by Paramount Pictures. All rights reserved.

STAR TREK is a Registered Trademark of Paramount Pictures.

This book is published by Pocket Books, a division of Simon & Schuster Inc. under exclusive license from Paramount Pictures.

All rights reserved, including the right to reproduce this book or portions thereof in any form whatsoever.

For information address Pocket Books, 1230 Avenue of the Americas, New York, NY 10020

ISBN: 0-671-74559-X

First Pocket Books trade paperback printing January 1992

14 13 12 11 10 9 8

POCKET and colophon are registered trademarks of Simon & Schuster Inc,

Printed in the U.S.A.[[p.5]]

CONTENTS

Introduction 9

1. The Sounds of Klingon 13

1.1. Consonants 13

1.2. Vowels 16

1.3. Stress 17

2. Grammatical Sketch---Introduction 18

3. Nouns 19

3.1. Simple nouns 19

3.2. Complex nouns 19

3.2.1. Compound nouns 19

3.2.2. Verb plus -wI' 19

3.2.3. Other complex nouns 20

3.3. Suffixes 20

3.3.1. Type 1: Augmentative/diminutive 21

3.3.2. Type 2: Number 21

3.3.3. Type 3: Qualification 24

3.3.4. Type 4: Possession/specification 25

3.3.5. Type 5: Syntactic markers 26

3.3.6. Relative ordering of the suffixes 29

3.4. The noun-noun construction 30[[p.6]]

4. Verbs 32

4.1. Pronominal prefixes 32

4.1.1. Basic prefixes 32

4.1.2. Imperative prefixes 34

4.1.3. Notational conventions 35

4.2. Verb suffixes 35

4.2.1. Type 1: Oneself/one another 35

4.2.2. Type 2: Volition/predisposition 36

4.2.3. Type 3: Change 37

4.2.4. Type 4: Cause 38

4.2.5. Type 5: Indefinite subject/ability 38

4.2.6. Type 6: Qualification 39

4.2.7. Type 7: Aspect 40

4.2.8. Type 8: Honorific 43

4.2.9. Type 9: Syntactic markers 43

4.2.10. Relative ordering of the suffixes 44

4.3. Rovers 46

4.4. Adjectives 49

5. Other Kinds of Words 51

5.1. Pronouns 51

5.2. Numbers 52

5.3. Conjunctions 55

5.4. Adverbials 55

5.5. Exclamations 57

5.6. Names and address 58

6. Syntax 59

6.1. Basic sentences 59

6.2. Complex sentences 60

6.2.1. Compound sentences 61

6.2.2. Subordinate clauses 62

6.2.3. Relative clauses 63

6.2.4. Purpose clauses 64

6.2.5. Sentences as objects 65

6.3. ``To be'' 67

6.4. Questions 68

6.5. Commands 70

6.6. Comparatives and superlatives 70[[p.7]]

7. Clipped Klingon 72

7.1. Commands 72

7.2. Responses to commands, status reports 73

7.3. Duress, excitement 74

Dictionary 75

Introductory Remarks 77

Klingon-English 80

English-Klingon 118

Klingon affixes 162

English index to Klingon affixes 165

Appendix: A Selected List of Useful Klingon Expressions 169

Addendum 173[[p.9]]

INTRODUCTION

Klingon is the official language of the Klingon Empire. For a long time, only a few non-Klingons were able to learn enough about the language to engage in a meaningful conversation with a Klingon. Recently, however, under the auspices of the Federation Scientific Research Council, a study has been undertaken to record and analyze the language and culture of the Klingons, with the ultimate goal of preparing an encyclo-pedia, as well as teaching materials. This dictionary represents the initial results of that effort.

The dictionary is divided into two main parts: grammatical sketch and dictionary proper.

The grammatical sketch is intended to be an outline of Klingon grammar, not a complete description. Nevertheless, it should allow the reader to put Klingon words together in an acceptable manner. Many of the rules given in the grammatical sketch are those set down by Klingon grammarians. It should be remembered that even though the rules say `àl-ways'' and ``never,'' when Klingon is actually spoken these rules are sometimes broken. What the rules represent, in other words, is what Klingon grammarians agree on as thè`best'' Klingon.

Because research is not yet completed, this dictionary is of necessity somewhat limited in scope. There are certainly more Klingon words than those listed here. Three groups of[[p.10]]

words in particular are, for the most part, unrepresented: scientific terminology; words for native tools, customs, flora, and fauna; and vocabulary dealing with food. Terms associat-ed with the various sciences are the subject of a special study, and a report is currently being prepared. Klingon words for traditional tools and long-standing customs are difficult to translate into English. Native plants and animals are likewise difficult to comprehend at the present time. Such matters will be fully elucidated in the forthcoming <Klingon Encyclopedia.> Food words are missing due to limited resources: there have been problems recruiting staff interested in studying Klingon eating habits. Until that study is under way, it was thought inappropriate to present a list of words whose meanings are not properly understood.

As more data are gathered the list of words will undoubtedly grow. Even at this early stage, however, some patterns are emerging. For example, there are no words for greetings, such as <hello, how are you, good morning,> and so on. It seems apparent that such words and phrases simply do not exist in Klingon. When two Klingons meet each other (except in cases where military protocol determines behavior), if anything of an introductory nature is said, it is an expression that can best be translated as <What do you want?> Unlike most speakers of English, who begin conversations with greetings, inquiries about the state of health of the conversants, and remarks about the weather, Klingons tend to begin conversations by simply stating the main points.

Although Klingons are proud of their language and frequently engage in long discussions about its expressiveness and beauty, they have found it impractical for communication outside the Klingon Empire. For intra- and intergalactic communication, the Klingon government, along with most other governments, has accepted English as the lingua franca.

In general, only those Klingons of the upper classes (which include higher-level governmental and military officials) learn English. As a result, English has taken on two additional functions in Klingon society. First, it is used as a symbol of rank or status. Those Klingons who know English will use it among themselves to show off their erudition and make their place in society known to all who happen to be listening.

Second, English is used when it is thought best to keep[[p.11]]

servants, soldiers, or even the general populace uninformed.

Thus, on a Klingon vessel, the commanding officer will often speak Klingon when giving orders to his crew, but choose English when having discussions with his officers. On the other hand, a Klingon officer may use Klingon in the presence of non-Klingons to prevent them from knowing what is going on. This use of Klingon seems to be quite effective.

There are a number of dialects of Klingon. Only one of the dialects, that of the current Klingon emperor, is represented in this dictionary. When a Klingon emperor is replaced, for whatever reason, it has historically been the case that the next emperor speaks a different dialect. As a result, the new emperor's dialect becomes the official dialect. Those Klingons who do not speak the official dialect are considered either stupid or subversive, and are usually forced to undertake tasks that speakers of the official dialect find distasteful. Most Klingons try to be fluent in several dialects.

Some dialects differ only slightly from the dialect of this dictionary. Differences tend to be in vocabulary (the word for

<forehead,> for example, is different in almost every dialect) and in the pronunciation of a few sounds. On the other hand, some dialects differ significantly from the current official dialect, so much so that speakers of these dialects have a great deal of difficulty communicating with current Klingon official-dom. The student of Klingon is warned to check into the political situation of the Klingon Empire before trying to talk.

There is a native writing system for Klingon (called {pIqaD}) which seems to be well suited to the various dialects. This writing system is not yet well understood and is, therefore, not used in this dictionary. Instead, a transcription system based on the English alphabet has been devised. An article is being prepared for the <Klingon Encyclopedia> which will explain the details of {pIqaD.}

In the grammatical sketch portion of this dictionary, as a notational convention, Klingon will be written in boldface type, and English translations will be written in italics:

{tlhIngan} <Klingon.>

The author would like to thank the Scientific Research Council for making funds available to carry out this research, as well as various members of the Federation Interlanguage[[p.12]]

Institute who were quite helpful in criticizing earlier drafts of the dictionary. The author apologizes for any mistakes, and sincerely hopes that none of them leads to any unfortunate misunderstandings.

Finally, a great deal of credit must be given to the Klingon informant who provided all of the data upon which this dictionary is based. Although a prisoner of the Federation, he worked long, hard hours to make his knowledge available to citizens of the Federation. Maltz, we thank you.[[p.13]]

1. THE SOUNDS OF KLINGON

It is difficult to describe accurately the sounds of the Klingon language without using complex phonological and anatomical terminology. What follows, therefore, is intended to give only a guide to pronunciation. The best way to learn to pronounce Klingon with no trace of a Terran or other accent is to become friends with a group of Klingons and spend a great deal of time socializing with them. Very few non-Klingons speak Klingon without an accent.

The system of writing Klingon used in this dictionary has been developed so people who already know how to read English will have a minimum of difficulty approximating the sounds of Klingon words and sentences.

1.1. Consonants

{b} As in English <bronchitis> or <gazebo.> Some Klingons pronounce this sound as if it were {m} and {b} articulated almost simultaneously. Speakers of English can approximate this sound by saying <imbalance> without the initial <i> sound.

A very small number of Klingons pronounce {b} as if it were {m.}

{ch} As in English <chew> or <artichoke.>

{D} This sound is close to English <d> in <dream> or <android,> but it is not quite the same. The English <d> sound is made by[[p.14]]

touching the tip of the tongue to that part of the roof of the mouth just behind the upper teeth. Klingon {D} can best be approximated by English-speakers by touching the tip of the tongue to the roof of the mouth at a point about halfway between the teeth and the velum (or soft palate), that part of the roof of the mouth that is rather gooshy. As with Klingon

{b,} some speakers pronounce {D} as if it were more like <nd,> and a distinct minority as if it were {n}---but, of course, with the tongue in the same position as for {D.}

{gh} This is not like anything in English. It can be produced by putting the tongue in the same position it would be in to say English <g> as in <gobble,> but relaxing the tongue somewhat and humming. It is the same as Klingon {H} (see below), but with the vocal cords vibrating at the same time.

{H} This is also not like anything in English, but it is just like

<ch> in the name of the German composer <Bach> or in the Yiddish toast <l'chaim,> or the <j> in the Mexican city of <Tijuana> in <Baja California.> It is produced in the same way as Klingon

{gh,} but is articulated with a very coarse, strong rasp. Unlike Klingon {gh,} the vocal cords do not vibrate in saying Klingon

{H.}

{j} As in English <junk;> never ever as in French <jour.>

{l} As in English <lunge> or <alchemy.>

{m} As in English <mud> or <pneumatic.> Those few Klingons who pronounce {b} as {m} would say Klingon {baH} <fire (a torpedo)> and {maH} <we> the same way, and have to memorize which word is spelled which way.

{n} As in English <nectarine> or <sunspot.> Those Klingons who pronounce {D} more like {n} can easily articulate and hear the two sounds differently. Even a {D} that sounds like {n} is pronounced with the tongue in the Klingon {D} position, not in the English <d> position. Klingon {n} is produced with the tongue in the same position as English <d.>

{ng} As in English <furlong;> never as in English <engulf.> The <g> is never pronounced as a separate sound. This sound never occurs at the beginning of an English word, but it does come at the beginning of a number of Klingon words. English-[[keep hyphen]]

speakers may practice making this sound at the beginning of a word by saying English <dang it!,> then saying it again without the <da.>

{p} As in English <parallax> or <opprobrium.> It is always[[p.15]]

articulated with a strong puff or pop, never laxly. Speakers of English may want to exercise care to avoid discharging saliva while articulating this sound. It should be noted, however, that Klingons do not worry about this.

{q} Similar to English <k> in <kumquat,> but not quite that. The tongue position for English <k> is like that for Klingon {gh} and

{H.} To produce Klingon {q,} the main body of the tongue touches the roof of the mouth at a point farther back than it does for {gh} or {H.} Indeed, the tongue reaches for or touches the uvula (the meshy blob that dangles down from the back of the roof of the mouth), so articulating {q} approximates the sound of choking. The sound is usually accompanied by a slight puff of air. English speakers are reminded that Klingon

{q} is never pronounced <kw> as in the beginning of English

<quagmire.>

{Q} This is like nothing particularly noteworthy in English.

It is an overdone Klingon {q.} It is identical to {q} except that it is very guttural and raspy and strongly articulated, somewhat like a blend of Klingon {q} and {H.}

{r} This is not like the <r> in American English, but it does resemble the <r> in some dialects of British English, as well as the <r> in many languages of Europe. It is lightly trilled or rolled.

{S} This sound is halfway between English <s> and <sh,> as in

<syringe> and <shuttlecock.> It is made with the tip of the tongue reaching toward that part of the roof of the mouth which it touches to produce Klingon {D.}

{t} As in English <tarpaulin> or <critique.> It differs from Klingon {D} in two ways: (1) like {p,} it is accompanied by a puff of air; and (2) the tongue touches a position on the roof of the mouth farther forward than that for {D.}

{tlh} This sound does not occur in English, but it is very much like the final sound in <tetl,> the Aztec word for <egg,> if properly pronounced. To produce this sound, the tip of the tongue touches the same part of the roof of the mouth it touches for {t,} the sides of the tongue are lowered away from the side upper teeth, and air is forced through the space on both sides between tongue and teeth. The sound is produced with a great deal of friction, and the warning given in the description of Klingon {p} might be aptly repeated here.

{v} As in English vulgar or demonstrative.[[p.16]]

{w} Usually as in English <worrywart> or <cow.> On rare occa-sions, especially if the speaker is being rather deliberate, it is pronounced strongly, more like {Hw} or even {Huw.}

{y} As in English <yodel> or <joy.>

{'} The apostrophe indicates a sound which is frequently uttered, but not written, in English. It is a glottal stop, the slight catch in the throat between the two syllables of <uh-oh> or

<unh-unh,> meaning ``no.'' When Klingon {'} comes at the end of a word, the vowel preceding the {'} is often repeated in a very soft whisper, as if an echo. Thus, Klingon {je'} <feed> almost sounds like {je'e,} where the articulation of the first {e} is abruptly cut off by the {',} and the second {e} is a barely audible whisper. When {'} follows {w} or {y} at the end of a word, there is often a whispered, echoed {u} or {I,} respectively. Occasionally the echo is quite audible, with a guttural sound like {gh}

preceding the echoed vowel. For example, {yIlI'} <transmit it!> can sound more like {yIlI'ghI.} This extra-heavy echo is heard most often when the speaker is particularly excited or angry.

1.2. Vowels

There are five vowels in Klingon.

{a} As in English <psalm;> never as in American English

<crabapple.>

{e} As in English <sensor.>

{I} As English <i> in <misfit.> Once in a while, it is pronounced like <i> in <zucchini,> but this is very rare and it is not yet known exactly what circumstances account for it,

{o} As in English <mosaic.>

{u} As in English <gnu> or <prune;> never as in <but> or <cute.> Note that when a vowel is followed by {w} or {y,} the combination of letters may not represent the same sound it does in English spelling:

KLINGON RHYMES WITH ENGLISH AS IN

{aw} <ow> <cow>

{ay} <y> <cry>

{ey} <ay> <pay>[[p.17]]

{Iy} <ey> <key>

{oy} <oy> <toy> Klingon {uy} resembles <ooey> in English <gooey.> Klingon {ew}

resembles nothing in English, but can be approximated by running Klingon {e} and {u} together. Likewise, Klingon {Iw} is {I}

and {u} run together. No words in Klingon have {ow} or {uw.} If they did, they would be indistinguishable from words ending in {o} and {u,} respectively.

1.3. Stress

Each Klingon word of more than one syllable normally contains one stressed (or accented) syllable. The stressed syllable is pronounced at a slightly higher pitch and with a little more force than the nonstressed syllable(s).

In a verb, the stressed syllable is usually the verb itself, as opposed to any prefix or suffix. If, however, a suffix ending with {'} is separated from the verb by at least one other suffix, both the verb and the suffix ending in {'} are stressed. In addition, if the meaning of any particular suffix is to be emphasized, the stress may shift to that syllable. Suffixes indicating negation or emphasis (section 4.3) are frequently stressed, as is the interrogative suffix (section 4.2.9).

In a noun, the stressed syllable is usually the syllable right before the first noun suffix, or the final syllable if there is no suffix. If, however, a syllable ending in {'} is present, it is usually stressed instead. If there are two syllables in a row

{'} both ending in {',} both are equally stressed.

Finally, it should be noted that there are some words which seem to have variable stress patterns, with the stress sometimes heard on one syllable and sometimes on another. This phenomenon is not yet understood. The rules given above do not account for this variability, but if they are followed, stress will wind up on acceptable syllables.

In the system used to transcribe Klingon in this dictionary, stress is not indicated.[[p.18]]

2. GRAMMATICAL SKETCH---INTRODUCTION

It is not possible, in a brief guide such as this, to describe the grammar of Klingon completely. What follows is only a sketch or outline of Klingon grammar. Although a good many of the fine points are not covered, the sketch will allow the student of Klingon to figure out what a Klingon is saying and to respond in an intelligible, though somewhat brutish, manner. Most Klingons will never know the difference.

There are three basic parts of speech in Klingon: <noun,>

<verb,> and <everything else.>[[p.19]]

3. NOUNS

There are various types of nouns in Klingon.

3.1. Simple nouns

Simple nouns, like simple nouns in English, are simple words; for example, {DoS} <target> or {QIH} <destruction.> 3.2. Complex nouns

Complex nouns, on the other hand, are made up of more than one part.

3.2.1. Compound nouns

Compound nouns consist of two or three nouns in a row, much like English <earthworm> (<earth> plus <worm>) or <password> (<pass> plus <word>). For example, {jolpa'} <transportroom> consists of {jol} <transport beam> plus {pa'} <room.> 3.2.2. Verb plus -wI'

A second type of complex noun consists of a verb followed by a suffix meaning one who does or thing which does. The English suffix <-er> (as in <builder> `òne who builds'' or <toaster>

``thing which toasts'') is a rough equivalent. In Klingon, the[[p.20]]

suffix is {-wI'.} It occurs, for example, in {baHwI'} <gunner,> which consists of the verb {baH} <fire (a torpedo)> plus {-wI'} <one who does.> Thus, {baHwI'} is literally `òne who fires [a torpedo].''

Similarly, {So'wI'} <cloaking device> comes from the verb {So'}

<cloak> plus {-wI'} <thing which does.> {So'wI'} is à`thing which cloaks.''

A noun formed by adding {-wI'} to a verb is a regular noun, so it may be used along with another noun to form a compound noun. For example, {tIjwI'ghom} <boarding party> comes from {tIjwI'} <boarder> plus {ghom} <group;> and {tIjwI'} comes from {tIj} <board> plus {-wI'.}

3.2.3. Other complex nouns

There are a good many nouns in Klingon which are two or, less frequently, three syllables long, but which are not complex nouns of the types described above. These nouns probably at one time were formed by combining simple nouns, but one or all of the nouns forming the complex noun are no longer in use, so it is not possible (without extensive etymological research) to know what the individual pieces mean.

For example, {'ejDo'} means <starship.> The syllable {'ej} also occurs in {'ejyo'} <Starfleet.> There are, however, no known Klingon words {'ej, Do',} or {yo'} that have anything to do with Starfleet, starships, the Federation, or space vehicles of any kind. It is quite likely that {Do'} is an Old Klingon word for space vessel (the modern Klingon word is {Duj}) that is used nowhere except in the noun {'ejDo'.} Of course, without further study, that remains pure conjecture.

3.3. Suffixes

All nouns, whether simple or complex, may be followed by one or more suffixes. If there are two or more suffixes, the suffixes must occur in a specific order. Suffixes may be classified on the basis of their relative order after the noun.

There are five types of suffixes (which, for convenience, will be numbered 1 through 5). Suffixes of Type 1 come right after the noun; suffixes of Type 2 come after those of Type 1; suffixes of Type 5 come last. This may be illustrated as follows:[[p.21]]

NOUN--1--2--3--4--5

Of course, if no suffix of Type 1 is used but a suffix of Type 2 is used, the Type 2 suffix comes right after the noun. If a suffix of Type 5 is the only suffix used, it comes right after the noun.

Only when two or more suffixes are used does their order become apparent.

There are at least two suffixes in each suffix type. Only one suffix of each type may be used at a time. That is, a noun cannot be followed by, for example, two or three Type 4

suffixes.

The members of each suffix type are as follows.

3.3.1. Type 1: Augmentative/diminutive

{-'a'} augmentative

This suffix indicates that what the noun refers to is bigger, more important, or more powerful than it would be without the suffix.

{SuS} <wind, breeze> {SuS'a'} <strong wind>

{Qagh} <mistake> {Qagh'a'} <major blunder>

{woQ} <power> {woQ'a'} <ultimate power>

{-Hom} diminutive

This is the opposite of the augmentative suffix. It indicates that what the noun refers to is smaller, less important, or less powerful than it would be without the suffix.

{SuS} <wind, breeze> {SuSHom} <wisp of air>

{roj} <peace> {rojHom} <truce, temporary peace> 3.3.2. Type 2: Number

As in English, a singular noun in Klingon has no specific suffix indicating that it is singular: {nuH} <weapon> refers to a single weapon of any type. Unlike English, however, the lack of a specific suffix for plural does not always indicate that the noun is singular. In Klingon, a noun without a plural suffix may still refer to more than one entity The. plurality is indicated by a[[p.22]]

pronoun, whether a verb prefix (see section 4.1) or a full word (section 5.1), or by context. For example, {yaS} officer may refer to a single officer or to a group of officers, depending on other words in the sentence or the context of the discussion.

Compare:

{yaS vImojpu'} <I became an officer.>

{yaS DImojpu'} <We became officers.>

{yaS jIH} <I am an officer.>

{yaS maH} <We are officers.>

In the first pair of sentences, the only difference is the verb prefix (here only partially described; see section 4.1): {vI-} <I,>

{DI-} <we.> In the second pair, the pronouns are different: {jIH} <I,>

{maH} <we.>

Under certain circumstances, the only way to know whether the noun refers to one or more than one entity is by context. Thus, {yaS mojpu'} can be translated either <he/she became an officer> or <they became officers.> Those taking part in any discussion in which this sentence is used would presumably already know whom is being talked about, so they would also know whether he or she or they is the correct meaning.

Fortunately for students of Klingon, it is never incorrect to add a plural suffix to a noun referring to more than one entity, even in those cases where it is unnecessary to do so. Accordingly, both {yaS maH} and {yaSpu' maH} are correct, both meaning <we are officers> ({-pu'} is a plural suffix). On the other hand, a plural suffix cannot be added to a noun referring to only one thing, even if pronouns are present in the sentence.

In Klingon, {yaSpu' jIH} <I am officers> is as incorrect as its English translation.

There are three different plural suffixes in Klingon.

{-pu'} <plural for beings capable of using language> This suffix can be used to indicate plurality for Klingons, Terrans, Romulans, Vulcans, and so on, but not for lower animals of any kind, plants, inanimate objects, electromag-netic or other beams or waves, etc.[[p.23]]

{yaS} <officer> {yaSpu'} <officers>

{Duy} <emissary> {Duypu'} <emissaries>

{-Du'} <plural for body parts>

This suffix is used when referring to body parts of those beings capable of using language as well as of any other animal.

{qam} <foot> {qamDu'} <feet>

{tlhon} <nostril> {tlhonDu'} <nostrils>

{-mey} <plural, general usage>

This suffix is used to mark the plural of any noun.

{mID} <colony> {mIDmey} <colonies>

{yuQ} <planet> {yuQmey} <planets> It can also be used with nouns referring to beings capable of using language (those nouns which take {-pu'}). When it is so used, it adds a notion of ``scattered all about'' to the meaning.

Compare:

{puq} <child>

{puqpu'} <children>

{puqmey} <children all over the place> The suffix {-mey} cannot be used with body parts. It should be noted, however, that Klingon poets often violate this grammatical rule in order to evoke particular moods in their poetry. Thus, forms such as {tlhonmey} <nostrils scattered all about> do occur. Until the subtle nuances of such constructions are firmly grasped, however, it is suggested that students of Klingon stick to the rules.

Finally, some nouns in Klingon are inherently or always plural in meaning, and therefore never take plural suffixes.

{ray'} <targets>[[p.24]]

{cha} <torpedoes>

{chuyDaH} <thrusters>

The singular counterparts of such words are utterly distinct:

{DoS} <target>

{peng} <torpedo>

{vIj} <thruster>

The singular forms may take the {-mey} suffix, but the meaning always carries thè`scattered all about'' connotation:

{DoSmey} <targets scattered all about>

{pengmey} <torpedoes all over the place> Inherently plural nouns are treated grammatically as singular nouns in that singular pronouns are used to refer to them (sections 4.1, 5.1). For example, in the sentence {cha yIghuS}

<Stand by torpedoes!> or <Get the torpedoes ready to be fired!> the verb prefix {yI-,} an imperative prefix used for singular objects, must be used even though the object ({cha} <torpedoes>) has a plural meaning.

3.3.3. Type 3: Qualification

Suffixes of this type indicate the speaker's attitude toward the noun, or how sure the speaker is that the noun is being used appropriately.

{-qoq} <so-called>

This suffix indicates that the noun is being used in a false or ironic fashion. Saying {rojqoq} <so-called peace,> rather than simply {roj} <peace,> indicates that the speaker does not really believe that peace is legitimate or likely to endure.

{-Hey} <apparent>

This suffix indicates that the speaker is pretty sure the object referred to by the noun is accurately described by the noun, but has some doubts. For example, if the scanner on a Klingon ship senses an object, and the officer reporting the presence of this object assumes, but is not yet sure, that the object is a vessel, he will probably refer to the object as

{DujHey} <an apparent vessel,> rather than simply {Duj} <vessel.>

[[p.25]]

{-na'} <definite>

This is the counterpart of {-Hey.} It indicates that there is no doubt in the speaker's mind as to the accuracy of his or her choice of words. Once the Klingon officer referred to above is sure that the object the scanner has found is a vessel, he might report the presence of {Dujna'} <a definite vessel, undoubtedly a vessel.>

3.3.4. Type 4: Possession/specification

Type 4 is the largest class of noun suffixes. It consists of all the possessive suffixes, plus suffixes which can be translated as English <this> and <that.>

The possessive suffixes are:

{-wIj} <my> {-maj} <our>

{-lIj} <your> {-raj} <your (plural)>

{-Daj} <his, her, its> {-chaj} <their> Thus, {juH} <home> occurs in {juHwIj} <my home,> {juHlIj} <your home,> {juHchaj} <their home,> etc.

When the noun being possessed refers to a being capable of using language, a special set of suffixes is used for first- and second-person possessors:

{-wI'} <my> {-ma'} <our>

{-lI'} <your> {-ra'} <your (plural)> These suffixes occur in, for example, {joHwI'} <my lord> and

{puqlI'} <your child.> It is grammatically correct to use the regular possessive suffixes with nouns referring to beings capable of speech (as in {puqlIj} <your child>), but such constructions are considered derogatory; {joHwIj} for <my lord> borders on the taboo. Students of Klingon should bear this in mind.

To indicate that one noun is the possessor of another noun (e.g., <enemy's weapon>), no suffix is used. Instead, the two nouns are said in the order possessor-possessed: {jagh nuH}

<enemy's weapon> (literally, <enemy weapon>). This construction is also used for phrases translated by <of the> in English, such as

<weapon of the enemy.> (See also section 3.4.)[[p.26]]

There are two suffixes indicating how close to the speaker the object referred to by the noun is.

{-vam} <this>

Like its English translation, this suffix indicates that the noun refers to an object which is nearby or which is the topic of the conversation.

{nuHvam} <this weapon (near me as I speak)>

{yuQvam} <this planet (that we've been talking about)> When used with a plural noun (one with a plural suffix or an inherently plural noun), {-vam} is translated <these.>

{nuHmeyvam} <these weapons>

{-vetlh} <that>

This suffix indicates that the noun refers to an object which is not nearby or which is being brought up again as the topic of conversation.

{nuHvetlh} <that weapon (over there)>

{yuQvetlh} <that planet (as opposed to the one we were just talking about)>

When used with a plural noun, {-vetlh} is translated <those:>

{nuHmeyvetlh} <those weapons>

There is no Klingon equivalent for English <a, an, the.> In translating from Klingon to English, one must use context as a guide to when to use <a> or <an> and when <the.> In this book, <a> or

<an> and <the> are used in translations to make the English sound more natural.

3.3.5. Type 5: Syntactic markers

These suffixes indicate something about the function of the noun in the sentence. As in English, subjects and objects are normally indicated by the position of the noun or nouns in the sentence. The following two English sentences have the same words, but the sentences have different meanings due to the order of the words:

<Dogs chase cats.>

<Cats chase dogs.>[[p.27]]

Subjects and objects in Klingon are likewise indicated by word order. This is described in section 6.1.

In other instances, English indicates the function of nouns in a sentence by adding words, particularly prepositions. In the following English sentence, the word <around> before

<canaries> indicates that the canaries are neither chasing nor being chased:

<Dogs chase cats around canaries.>

Similarly, in Klingon, nouns which indicate something other than subject or object usually must have some special indication of exactly what their function is. Unlike English, this is accomplished by using suffixes.

{-Daq} <locative>

This suffix indicates that something is happening (or has happened or will happen) in the vicinity of the noun to which it is attached. It is normally translated by an English preposition: <to, in, at, on.> The exact translation is determined by the meaning of the whole sentence. For example, {pa'Daq} is {pa'}

<room> plus the suffix {-Daq.} It may occur in sentences such as the following:

{pa'Daq jIHtaH} <I'm in the room.>

{pa'Daq yIjaH} <Go to the room.>

In the first sentence, {jIH} <I> is used in the sense of <I am> (see section 6.3), so <in> is the most reasonable translation of {-Daq.}

In the second sentence, the verb is {jaH} <go,> so <to> makes the most sense as a translation of {-Daq.} An English preposition need not be part of the translation. Klingon {Dung} means <area above,> and {DungDaq} is <overhead,> literally something likèàt the area above.'' For further discussion on prepositional concepts, see section 3.4.

It is worth noting at this point that the concepts expressed by the English adverbs <here, there,> and <everywhere> are expressed by nouns in Klingon: {naDev} <hereabouts,> {pa'} <thereabouts,> {Dat} <everywhere.> These words may perhaps be translated more literally as `àrea around here,'' `àrea over there,''

and `àll places,'' respectively. Unlike other nouns, these three words are never followed by the locative suffix. (Note[[p.28]]

that {pa'} <thereabouts> and {pa'} <room> are identical in sound;

{pa'Daq,} however, can mean only <in/to the room.>) There are a few verbs whose meanings include locative notions, such as {ghoS} <approach, proceed.> The locative suffix need not be used on nouns which are the objects of such verbs.

{Duj ghoStaH} <It is approaching the ship.> ({Duj} <ship, vessel,> {ghoStaH} <it is approaching it>)

{yuQ wIghoStaH} <We are proceeding toward the planet.> ({yuQ} <planet,> {vIghoStaH} <we are proceeding toward it>)

If the locative suffix is used with such verbs, the resulting sentence is somewhat redundant, but not out-and-out wrong.

{DujDaq ghoStaH} <It is approaching toward the ship.>

{-vo'} <from>

This suffix is similar to {-Daq} but is used only when action is in a direction away from the noun suffixed with {-vo'.}

{pa'vo' yIjaH} <Leave the room!>

A more literal translation of this sentence might bè`Go from the room.''

{-mo'} <due to, because of>

This suffix occurs in sentences such as:

{SuSmo' joqtaH} <It is fluttering in the breeze.> The noun {SuSmo'} means <due to the breeze,> so the whole sentence is literally ``due to the breeze, it [a flag] is fluttering.''

{-vaD} <for, intended for>

This suffix indicates that the noun to which it is attached is in some way the beneficiary of the action, the person or thing for whom or for which the activity occurs.

{Qu'vaD lI' De'vam} <This information is useful for the mission.>[[p.29]]

The noun {Qu'vaD} means <for the mission,> and in this sentence

{-vaD} indicates that the information is intended to be used somehow for the mission under discussion.

{-'e'} <topic>

This suffix emphasizes that the noun to which it is attached is the topic of the sentence. In English, this is frequently accomplished by stressing the noun (saying it emphatically) or by special syntactic constructions.

{lujpu' jIH'e'} <I, and only I, have failed.>[[lujpu'=>jIlujpu']]

<It is I who has failed.>

{De''e' vItlhapnISpu'} <I needed to get the INFORMATION.>

<It was the information (and not

something else) that I needed.>

Without the {'e',} these same sentences would have no noun[['e'=>-'e']]

singled out for emphasis:

{lujpu' jIH} <I have failed.>[[lujpu'=>jIlujpu']]

{De' vItlhapnISpu'} <I needed to get the information.> For a further use of {-'e',} see section 6.3.

3.3.6. Relative ordering of the suffixes

As briefly illustrated in the discussion of {-vam} <this> and {-vetlh}

<that> (section 3.3.4), when a noun is followed by more than one suffix, the suffixes must occur in the proper order, according to the classification just described. It is rare for a noun to be followed by five suffixes, but it does happen from time to time. Some examples of nouns with two or more suffixes follow. (Suffix types are indicated by numbers.)

{QaghHommeyHeylIjmo'} <due to your apparent minor errors>

{Qagh} (noun) <error>

{-Hom} (1) <diminutive>

{-mey} (2) <plural>

{-Hey} (3) <apparent>

{-lIj} (4) <your>

{-mo'} (5) <due to>

{pa'wIjDaq} <in my quarters>

{pa'} (noun) <room>[[p.30]]

{-wIj} (4) <my>

{-Daq} (5) <locative>

{Duypu'qoqchaj} <their so-called emissaries>

{Duy} (noun) <emissary>

{-pu'} (2) <plural>

{-qoq} (3) <so-called>

{-chaj} (4) <their>

{qamDu'wIjDaq} <at my feet>

{qam} (noun) <foot>

{-Du'} (2) <plural>

{-wIj} (4) <my>

{-Daq} (5) <locative>

{rojHom'e'} <the truce> (as topic)

{roj} (noun) <peace>

{-Hom} (1) <diminutive>

{-'e'} (5) <topic>

All examples of suffixes given so far show only simple nouns. Suffixes are attached to complex nouns (section 3.2) in exactly the same fashion.

{DIvI'may'DujmeyDaq} <at/to the Federation battle cruisers>

{DIvI'may'Duj} (noun) <Federation battlecruiser>

{-mey} (2) <plural>

{-Daq} (5) <locative>

{baHwI'pu'vam} <these gunners>

{baHwI'} (noun) <gunner>

{-pu'} (2) <plural>

{-vam} (4) <this>

3.4. The noun-noun construction

Some combinations of two (or more) nouns in a row are so common as to have become everyday words. These are the compound nouns (as discussed in section 3.2.1). In addition, it is possible to combine nouns in the manner of a compound noun to produce a new construct even if it is not a legitimate compound noun (``legitimate'' in the sense that it would be found in a dictionary).

The translation of two nouns combined in this way, say[[p.31]]

N1-N2 (that is, noun #1 followed by noun #2), would be <N2

of the N1.> For example, {nuH} <weapon> and {pegh} <secret> combine to form {nuH pegh} <secret of the weapon.> An alternate translation would be <N1's N2,> in this case, <the weapon's secret.> As discussed in section 3.3.4, this is the Klingon possessive construction for a noun possessed by another noun.

When the noun-noun construction is used, only the second noun can take syntactic suffixes (Type 5). Both nouns, however, may take suffixes of the other four types. For example:

{nuHvam pegh} <secret of this weapon>

{nuH} (noun) <weapon>

{-vam} (4) <this>

{pegh} (noun) <secret>

{jaghpu' yuQmeyDaq} <at/to the enemies' planets>

{jagh} (noun) <enemy>

{-pu'} (2) <plural>

{yuQ} (noun) <planet>

{-mey} (2) <plural>

{-Daq} (5) <locative>

{puqwI' qamDu'} <my child's feet>

{puq} (noun) <child>

{-wI'} (4) <my>

{qam} (noun) <foot>

{-Du} (2) <plural>

English prepositional phrases are also rendered in Klingon by this noun-noun construction. Prepositional concepts such as above and below are actually nouns in Klingon, best translated as `àrea above,'' `àrea below,'' etc. The locative suffix (section 3.3.5) follows the second noun. For example:

{nagh DungDaq} <above the rock>

{nagh} (noun) <rock>

{Dung} (noun) <area above>

{-Daq} (5) <locative>

More literally, this is `àt the area above the rock'' or `àt the rock's above-area.''[[p.32]]

4. VERBS

Klingon verbs are mostly monosyllabic forms which may be accompanied by several affixes. As with Klingon nouns, Klingon verbs may take suffixes falling into a number of types based on their relative position following the verb.

There are nine types of verb suffixes. Unlike Klingon nouns, Klingon verbs may take prefixes. Thus, if suffix types are indicated as numbers, the structure of a Klingon verb is:

PREFIX--VERB--1--2--3--4--5--6--7--8--9

4.1. Pronominal prefixes

Each Klingon verb begins with a single prefix that indicates who or what is performing the action described by the verb and, when relevant, who or what is the recipient of that action. In other words, Klingon verb prefixes indicate both the subject and the object of the sentence.

4.1.1. Basic prefixes

The basic set of prefixes can be presented in a chart. (In order to make the chart as clear as possible, some prefixes are repeated.)

Note that both the subject and the object are combined[[p.33]]

OBJECT none <me> <you> <him/> <us> <you> <them>

<her/it> <(plural)>

SUBJECT

<I> {jI-} -- {qa-} {vI-} -- {Sa-} {vI-}

<you> {bI-} {cho-} -- {Da-} {ju-} -- {Da-}

<he/she/it> 0 {mu-} {Du-} 0 {nu-} {lI-} 0

<we> {ma-} -- {pI-} {wI-} -- {re-} {DI-}

<you (plural)> {Su-} {tu-} -- {bo-} {che-} -- {bo-}

<they> 0 {mu-} {nI-} {lu-} {nu-} {lI-} 0

into a single prefix. 0 in the chart means that the particular subject-object combinations are indicated by the absence of a prefix before the verb; -- in the chart notes subject-object combinations which cannot be expressed with the Klingon verb prefix system. For such meanings, suffixes (section 4.2.1) and/or pronouns (section 5.1) must be used.

The prefixes in the first column of the chart (headed

``none'') are used when there is no object; that is, when the action of the verb affects only the subject (thè`doer''). The verb {Qong} <sleep> occurs with the pronominal prefixes as follows:

{jIQong} <I sleep>

{bIQong} <you sleep>

{Qong} <he/she/it sleeps, they sleep>

{maQong} <we sleep>

{SuQong} <you (plural) sleep>

In the case of {Qong} <he/she/it sleeps, they sleep,> the exact subject would be indicated elsewhere in the sentence or by context.

This set of prefixes is also used when an object is possible, but unknown or vague. Thus, {jIyaj} <I understand> can be used[[p.34]]

when the speaker understands things in general, knows what is going on, or understands what another speaker has just said. It cannot, however, be used for understanding a language or understanding a person. Similarly, {maSop} <we eat> can be used to indicate a general act of eating, but not if a specific food is mentioned.

The remaining prefixes combine subject and object. Some of them are illustrated below, using the verb {legh} <see.>

{qalegh} <I see you> {cholegh} <you see me>

{vIlegh} <I see him/her/it/ {mulegh} <he/she/it sees me,> them> <they see me>

{Salegh} <I see you (plural)> {tulegh} <you (plural) see me>

{Dalegh} <you see him/her/ {Dulegh} <he/she/it sees you> it/them>

{julegh} <you see us> {pIlegh} <we see you>

{legh} <he/she/it sees {lulegh} <they see him/her/it> him/her/it/them,>

<they see them>

4.1.2 Imperative prefixes[[4.1.2=>4.1.2.]]

A special set of prefixes is used for imperatives, that is, verbs giving commands. Commands can be given only to <you> or <you (plural).>

OBJECT none <me> <him/her/it> <us> <them>

<you> {yI-} {HI-} {yI-} {gho-} {tI-}

<you (plural)> {pe-} {HI-} {yI-} {gho-} {tI-}

Note that, with one exception, the identical prefix is used regardless of whether the command is being given to one or more than one person. The single exception is when a command is given but there is no object. In such cases, a special prefix {pe-} is used to give a command to several people.

Examples of the imperative prefixes follow. Exclamation points in the translation indicate that it is a command.

{yIQong} <sleep!> {peQong} <(you plural) sleep!>

{HIqIp} <hit me!> {ghoqIp} <hit us!>[[p.35]]

{yIqIp} <hit him/her/it!> {tIqIp} <hit them!> To indicate action directed against oneself in an imperative verb (e.g., <tell yourself>), the suffix {-egh} <oneself> is used along

[[-egh=>-'egh]]

with {yI-} or {pe-} (see section 4.2.1).

4.1.3 Notational conventions[[4.1.3=>4.1.3.]]

As a notational convention, prefixes indicating subject and object will be translated as <subject--object;> e.g., {qa-} <I--you,>

{pI-} <we--them.> Imperative prefixes will be translated similarly, preceded by the word <imperative:> {tI-} <imperative: you--them.> Also, prefixes which can refer to male, female, inanimate, singular, and/or plural (e.g., {vI-} <I--him/her/it/them>) will be translated correctly, but usually without giving all the options (e.g., <I--him/her>). This convention will also be used when translating verbs containing these prefixes; e.g., {vIlegh} <I see him/her.>

4.2. Verb suffixes

There are nine types of verb suffixes.

4.2.1. Type 1: Oneself/one another

{-egh} <oneself>[[-egh=>-'egh]]

This suffix is used to indicate that the action described by the verb affects the performer of the action, the subject. It is translated by English <self.> When this suffix is used, the prefix set indicating ``no object'' must also be used.

{jIqIp'egh} <I hit myself> ({qIp} <hit>)

{bIqIp'egh} <you hit yourself>

{qIp'egh} <he/she hits himself/herself> It is also possible to use this suffix with imperative verbs.

As with nonimperatives, the prefix indicating ``no object''

must be used.

{yIja''egh} <tell yourself!> ({ja'} <tell>)

{peja''egh} <tell yourselves!>[[p.36]]

{-chuq} <one another>

This suffix is used only with plural subjects. It is translated

<each other> or <one another.> The prefix set indicating ``no object'' is also used when this suffix is used.

{maqIpchuq} <we hit each other> ({qIp} <hit>)

{SuqIpchuq} <you (plural) hit each other>

{qIpchuq} <they hit each other>

{peqIpchuq} <hit each other!>

4.2.2. Type 2: Volition/predisposition

Suffixes of this type express how much choice the subject has about the action described or how predisposed the subject is to doing it.

{-nIS} <need>

{vIleghnIS} <I need to see him/her> ({legh} <see>)

{bISopnIS} <you need to eat> ({Sop} <eat>)

{-qang} <willing>

{Heghqang} <he/she is willing to die> ({Hegh} <die>)

{qaja'qang} <I am willing to tell you> ({ja'} <tell>)

{-rup} <ready, prepared> (referring to beings)

{Heghrup} <he/she is ready to die> ({Hegh} <die>)

{qaleghrup} <I am ready to see you> ({legh} <see>)

{nuja'rup} <they are prepared to tell us> ({ja'} <tell>)

{-beH} <ready, set up> (referring to devices)

{pojbeH} <(the device) is set up to analyze it> ({poj} <analyze>)

{labbeH} <(the device) is ready to transmit data> ({lab}

<transmit data>)

There is, it should be noted, a verb {ghuS} which means <to be prepared to launch or project (something).> This verb never takes the suffix {-rup.} It is used primarily in reference to torpedoes---so much so that if the object is not specifically[[p.37]]

stated, and context does not dictate otherwise, it is always assumed to be <torpedoes.> Accordingly, both of the following sentences mean <Be prepared to launch torpedoes!> or <Stand by on torpedoes!>

{cha yIghuS} ({cha} <torpedoes>)

{yIghuS}

The verb {ghuS} can also be used in reference to, among other things, rockets, missiles, and various kinds of energy beams (which, like torpedoes, go from one point to another).

It is also used to describe the action of pulling back the elastic band of a slingshot. In most other instances of preparedness, however, {-rup} is required.

{-vIp} <afraid>

{choHoHvIp} <you are afraid to kill me> ({HoH} <kill>)

{muqIpvIp} <they are afraid to hit us> ({qIp} <hit>) This suffix is rarely used with a prefix meaning <I> or <we.> Though it is grammatically correct, it is culturally taboo.

4.2.3. Type 3: Change

Suffixes of this type indicate that the action described by the verb involves a change of some kind from the state of affairs that existed before the action took place.

{-choH} <change in state, change in direction>

{maDo'choH} <we are becoming lucky, we are undergoing a turn of luck> ({Do'} <be lucky>)

{ghoSchoH} <he/she is beginning to go (somewhere)> ({ghoS} <go>)

The implication of the second example is that he or she was going either nowhere or somewhere else sometime before the phrase was uttered. Note that the translation of this suffix may be English <become> or <begin to.>

{-qa'} <resume>

Using this suffix implies that an action had been taking place, then it stopped, and then it began again.

{vInejqa'} <I am resuming the search, I am searching for[[p.38]]

him/her again> ({nej} <search>)

4.2.4. Type 4: Cause

{-moH} <cause>

Adding this suffix to a verb indicates that the subject is causing a change of condition or causing a new condition to come into existence.

{tIjwI'ghom vIchenmoH} <I form a boarding party> ({tIjwI'ghom} <boarding party,>

{chen} <take form, take shape>)

This sentence might also be translated <I cause a boarding party to be formed.>

{HIQoymoH} <let me hear (something)> ({Qoy} <hear>) More revealingly, this sentence could be translated <cause me to hear (something).> Note that this sentence would not be used in asking permission to hear; it is a direct command.

Normally, the best English translation of a verb with {-moH}

does not contain the word <cause.> For example, {chenmoH}

<he/she makes, creates> could be translated <he/she causes to take shape> ({chen} <take form, take shape>), but this is an awkward English phrase.

4.2.5. Type 5: Indefinite subject/ability

The two suffixes of Type 5 have nothing much to do with each other except for both being Type 5. As a result, no verb occurs with both of these suffixes at the same time.

{-lu'} <indefinite subject>

This suffix is used to indicate that the subject is unknown, indefinite, and/or general. Since the subject is always the same (that is, it is always unstated), the pronominal prefixes (section 4.1.1) are used in a different way. Those prefixes which normally indicate first- or second-person subject and[[p.39]]

third-person singular object ({vI-, Da-, wI-, bo-}) are used to indicate first- or second-person object. Thus, {vI-,} which normally means <I do something to him/her,> when in a verb with {-lu'} means <someone/something does something to me.> Similarly, the prefix {lu-,} which normally means <they do something to him/her,> becomes <someone/something does something to them.>

{Daqawlu'} <someone/something remembers you> ({qaw} <remember>)

{wIleghlu'} <someone/something sees us> ({legh} <see>)

{Soplu'} <someone/something eats it> ({Sop} <eat>) Verbs with {-lu'} are often translated into the English passive voice.

{Daqawlu'} <you are remembered>

{wIleghlu'} <we are seen>

{Soplu'} <it is eaten>

When used with the verb {tu'} <find, observe> and a third-[[keep hyphen]]

person singular subject pronoun (0), the resulting verb form

{tu'lu'} <someone/something finds it> is often translated by English <there is.>

{naDev puqpu' tu'lu'} <there are children around here, someone/something finds children

here> ({naDev} <hereabouts,> {puqpu'}

<children>)

{-laH} <can, able>

{jIQonglaH} <I can sleep> ({Qong} <sleep>)

{choleghlaH} <you can see me> ({legh} <see>)

{nuQaw'laH} <he/she can destroy us> ({Qaw'} <destroy>) 4.2.6. Type 6: Qualification

Type 3 noun suffixes, these suffixes show how sure the speaker is about what is being said.[[p.40]]

{-chu'} <clearly, perfectly>

{jIyajchu'} <I understand clearly> ({yaj} <understand>)

{baHchu'} <he/she fired (the torpedo) perfectly> ({baH} <fire [a torpedo]>)

{-bej} <certainly, undoubtedly>

{chImbej} <it is undoubtedly empty> ({chIm} <be empty>)

{nuSeHbej} <he/she is certainly controlling us> ({SeH} <control>)

{-law'} <seemingly, apparently>

{chImlaw'} <it appears to be empty> ({chIm} <be empty>)

{nuSeHlaw'} <he/she seems to be controlling us> ({SeH} <control>)

This suffix expresses any uncertainty on the speaker's part and may even be thought of as meaning <I think> or <I suspect.> Thus, the previous two sentences could be translated <I think it's empty, I suspect that he/she is controlling us.> 4.2.7. Type 7: Aspect

Klingon does not express tenses (past, present, future). These ideas come across from context or other words in the sentence (such as {wa'leS} <tomorrow>). The language does, however, indicate aspect: whether an action is completed or not yet completed, and whether an action is a single event or a continuing one.

The absence of a Type 7 suffix usually means that the action is not completed and is not continuous (that is, it is not one of the things indicated by the Type 7 suffixes). Verbs with no Type 7 suffix are translated by the English simple present tense.

{Dalegh} <you see him/her> ({legh} <see>)

{qaja'} <I tell you> ({ja'} <tell>) When the context is appropriate, verbs without a Type 7

suffix may be translated by the English future tense (<will>), but the real feeling of the Klingon is closer to English sentences such as <We fly tomorrow at dawn,> where the present-tense verb refers to an event in the future.[[p.41]]

{-pu'} <perfective>

This suffix indicates that an action is completed. It is often translated by the English present perfect (<have done something>).

{Daleghpu'} <you have seen it> ({legh} <see>)

{vIneHpu'} <I wanted them> ({neH} <want>)

{qaja'pu'} <I told you> ({ja'} <tell>)

{-ta'} <accomplished, done>

This suffix is similar to {-pu',} but it is used when an activity was deliberately undertaken, the implication being that someone set out to do something and in fact did it. English translations seldom reveal the distinction.

{vISuqta'} <I have acquired it> ({Suq} <get, acquire>)

{luHoHta'} <they have killed him/her> ({HoH} <kill>) The second sentence above could not be used if the killing were the result of a general attack not intended to kill a specific person or if the killing were an accident. In such cases, {-pu'} would be used:

{luHoHpu'} <they have killed him/her> The meaning of {-ta'} can also be indicated syntactically.

That is, instead of using the suffix {-ta',} a special verbal construction can follow the verb which indicates the accomplished action. This special verb is {rIn} <be finished, accomplished,> and in this usage it always takes the suffix {-taH}

<continuous> (see below) and the third-person pronominal prefix (0). The resulting construction, {rIntaH,} literally means

<it continues to be finished> or <it remains accomplished.> It is used to indicate that the action denoted by the preceding verb is a fait accompli: it is done, and it cannot be undone.

{luHoH rIntaH} <they have killed him/her> ({HoH} <kill>)

{vIje' rIntaH} <I have purchased it> ({je'} <purchase>) The English translations of {rIntaH} and {-ta'} are usually the same. The notion of absolute finality implied by {rIntaH}

seldom comes across.

It should be noted that {rIntaH} is sometimes used for[[p.42]]

dramatic effect, even in cases when the action could be undone.

{-taH} <continuous>

This suffix indicates that an action is ongoing.

{nughoStaH} <it is approaching us> ({ghoS} <approach>)

{yIghoStaH} <steady on course!, maintain this course!> ({ghoS} <go, approach, proceed on a course>) Both of the above sentences suggest a continuing activity.

The meaning of {-taH} can be seen clearly by comparing the following two commands:

{yIjun} <execute an evasive maneuver!>

{yIjuntaH} <take evasive action!>

In the first case, the maneuver is to be executed once only. In the second, a series of evasive maneuvers is to be executed

---the action is to be continuous.

{-lI'} <in progress>

This suffix is similar to {-taH} <continuous> in that it indicates that an activity is ongoing. Unlike {-taH,} however, {-lI'} implies that the activity has a known goal or a definite stopping point.

In other words, it suggests that progress is being made toward that goal.

{chollI'} <it is getting closer>

({chol} <get close, come near>)

This word would be used for, i.e., a missile approaching a target, when it is known that the missile has been aimed at that target. If a missile is getting closer, but its intended destination is not known, {choltaH} (with {-taH} <continuous>) would be more appropriate.

{vIlI'lI'} <I am transmitting (the data)> ({lI'} <transmit data to a place>)

This word implies that data are in the process of being transmitted, but that there is a finite amount of data, so there will be a definite end to the transmission. The fact that the verb {lI'} and the suffix {-lI'} are identical in sound is purely coincidental, so far as can be determined.[[p.43]]

The suffix {-taH} <continuous> can be used whether there is a know goal or not. {-lI',} on the other hand, can be used only when there is an implied goal. It is possible to consider {-lI'} a

<continuous> counterpart of {-ta',} and {-taH} a <continuous> counterpart of {-pu'.}

4.2.8. Type 8: Honorific

{-neS} <honorific>

There is but one suffix in this category. It is used to express extreme politeness or deference. It is used only in addressing a superior, someone of higher rank in the Klingon social, political, or military hierarchy. It is never required.

{qaleghneS} <I am honored to see you> ({legh} <see>)

{HIja'neS} <do me the honor of telling me> ({ja'} <tell>) This suffix is used rather infrequently by Klingons.

4.2.9. Type 9: Syntactic markers

Similar to Type 5 noun suffixes (section 3.3.5), these verb suffixes have to do with the verb's role in the sentence. The first six suffixes will be noted briefly here, but illustrated more completely in section 6.2.

{-DI'} <as soon as, when>

{DaSeHDI'} <as soon as you control if> ({SeH} <control>)

{qara'DI'} <as soon as I command you> ({ra'} <command>)

{-chugh} <if>

{DaneHchugh} <if you want them> ({neH} <want>)

{choja'chugh} <if you tell me> ({ja'} <tell>)

{-pa'} <before>

{choja'pa'} <before you tell me> ({ja'} <tell>)

{qara'pa'} <before I command you> ({ra'} <command>)

{-vIS} <while>

This suffix is always used along with the Type 7 suffix

{-taH} <continuous.>[[p.44]]

{SutlhtaHvIS} <while they are negotiating> ({Sutlh} <negotiate>)

{bIQongtaHvIS} <while you are sleeping> ({Qong} <sleep>)

{-bogh} <which>

This is the relative-clause marker. It is described in section 6.2.3.

{-meH} <for>

This marks purpose clauses. See section 6.2.4.

{-'a'} <interrogative>

This suffix indicates that the sentence is a yes/no question; that is, a question which can be answered ``yes'' or ``no.'' (See also section 6.4.).

{cholegh'a'} <do you see me?> ({legh} <see>)

{yaj'a'} <does he/she understand?> ({yaj} <understand>) Questions of other types require special question words (section 6.4).

{-wI'} <one who does, thing which does> This is the suffix described earlier (section 3.2.2) which turns verbs into nouns.

{So'wI'} <cloaking device> ({So'} <cloak, hide>)

{baHwI'} <gunner> ({baH} <fire [a torpedo]>)

{joqwI'} <flag> ({joq} <flutter, wave>) 4.2.10. Relative ordering of the suffixes

As with nouns, when more than one suffix is used with a verb, they must occur in the correct order, according to their type.

No more than one suffix of each type may occur at a time. No instances have been found of a verb followed by nine suffixes, but it is theoretically possible. A few examples should suffice to show ordering of the suffixes.

{nuHotlhpu''a'} <have they scanned us?>

{nu-} (prefix) <they--us>

{Hotlh} (verb) <scan>[[p.45]]

{-pu'} (7) <perfective>

{-'a'} (9) <interrogative>

{Qaw''eghpu'} <he/she destroyed himself/herself> 0 (prefix) <he/she>

{Qaw'} (verb) <destroy>

{-'egh} (1) <oneself>

{-pu'} (7) <perfective>

{wIchenmoHlaH} <we can create it>

{wI-} (prefix) <we--it>

{chen} (verb) <take form>

{-moH} (4) <cause>

{-laH} (5) <can, able>

{Daqawlu'taH} <you are to be remembered>

{Da-} (prefix) <you--him/her>

{qaw} (verb) <remember>

{-lu'} (5) <indefinite subject>

{-taH} (7) <continuous>

{vItlhapnISpu'} <I needed to take him/her>

{vI-} (prefix) <I--him/her>

{tlhap} (verb) <take>

{-nIS} (2) <need>

{-pu'} (7) <perfective>

{HeghqangmoHlu'pu'} <it made him/her willing to die> 0 (prefix) <he/she--him/her>

{Hegh} (verb) <die>

{-qang} (2) <willing>

{-moH} (4) <cause>

{-lu'} (5) <indefinite subject>

{-pu'} (7) <perfective>

{maghoSchoHmoHneS'a'} <may we execute a course (to some place)?>

{ma-} (prefix) <we>

{ghoS} (verb) <proceed on a course>

{-choH} (3) <change>

{-moH} (4) <cause>

{-neS} (8) <honorific>

{-'a'} (9) <interrogative>[[p.46]]

4.3. Rovers

There is one additional set of verb suffixes which Klingon grammarians call {lengwI'mey} <rovers> (from {leng} <travel, roam, rove,> {-wI'} <thing which does,> {-mey} <plural>). Rovers are verb suffixes which do not have a fixed position in relation to the other suffixes following a verb but, instead, can come just about anywhere except following a Type 9 suffix. Their position is determined by the meaning intended. There are two types of rovers: the negative and the emphatic.

{-be'} <not>

This is the general suffix of negation, translated as English

<not.> It follows the concept being negated.

{vIlo'laHbe'} <they are useless to me, I cannot use them>

{vI-} (prefix) <I--them>

{lo'} (verb) <use>

{-laH} (5) <can, able>

{-be'} (rover) <not>

{jISaHbe'} <I don't care (which of several courses of action is followed)>

{jI-} (prefix) <I>

{SaH} (verb) <care, be concerned about>

{-be'} (rover) <not>

{qay'be'} <it's not a problem, no problem (exclamation)> 0 (prefix) <it>

{qay'} (verb) <be a problem, be a hassle>

{-be'} (rover) <not>

The roving nature of {-be'} is best illustrated in the following set of words.

{choHoHvIp} <you are afraid to kill me>

{choHoHvIpbe'} <you are not afraid to kill me>

{choHoHbe'vIp} <you are afraid to not kill me>

{cho-} (prefix) <you--me>

{HoH} (verb) <kill>

{-vIp} (2) <afraid>

{-be'} (rover) <not>

In the second word, the negated notion is <afraid> (that is, <not afraid>), and {-be'} follows {-vIp.} In the third word, the negated notion is <kill> (that is, <not kill>), so {-be'} follows {HoH.}[[p.47]]

The suffix {-be'} cannot be used with imperative verbs. For imperatives, the following suffix is required.

{-Qo'} <don't!, won't>

This negative suffix is used in imperatives and to denote refusal.

{yIja'Qo'} <don't tell him/her!>

{yI-} (prefix) <imperative: you--him/her>

{ja'} (verb) <tell>

{-Qo'} (rover) <don't!>

{choja'Qo'chugh} <if you won't tell me, if you refuse to tell me>

{cho-} (prefix) <you--me>

{ja'} (verb) <tell>

{-Qo'} (rover) <won't>

{-chugh} (9) <if>

{HIHoHvIpQo'} <don't be afraid to kill me!>

{HI-} (prefix) <imperative: you--me>

{HoH} (verb) <kill>

{-vIp} (2) <afraid>

{-Qo'} (rover) <don't!>

Unlike {-be',} the position of {-Qo'} does not change: it occurs last, unless followed by a Type 9 suffix. Nevertheless, it is considered a rover because it is the imperative counterpart to

{-be'.}

{-Ha'} <undo>

This negative suffix implies not merely that something is not done (as does {-be'}), but that there is a change of state: something that was previously done is now undone. For convenience, it will here be translated as <undo,> but it is closer to the English prefixes <mis-, de-, dis-> (as in <misunderstand, demystify, disentangle>). It is also used if something is done wrongly. Unlike {-be', -Ha'} can be used in imperatives.

{chenHa'moHlaH} <it can destroy them> 0 (prefix) <it--them>

{chen} (verb) <take form>[[p.48]]

{-Ha'} (rover) <undo>

{-moH} (4) <cause>

{-laH} (5) <can, able>

This verb actually means something like it can cause them to undo their form.

{yIchu'Ha'} <disengage it! (e.g., cloaking device)>

{yI-} (prefix) <imperative: you--it>

{chu'} (verb) <engage, activate>

{-Ha'} (rover) <undo>

{bIjatlhHa'chugh} <if you say the wrong thing>

{bI-} (prefix) <you>

{jatlh} (verb) <say>

{-Ha'} (rover) <undo>

{-chugh} (9) <if>

This shows how {-Ha'} can be used in the sense of <wrongly.> The word might be translated as <if you misspeak.> Using {-be'} (that is, {bIjatlhbe'chugh}) would mean <if you don't speak.>

{Do'Ha'} <it is unfortunate>

0 (prefix) <it>

{-Do'} (verb) <be lucky, fortunate>[[-Do'=Do']]

{-Ha'} (rover) <undo>

The use of {-Ha'} in this sentence suggests a turn of luck from good to bad.

It is interesting that {-Ha'} always occurs right after the verb.

It is not known why Klingon grammarians insist on calling it a rover. It was felt best not to argue with Klingon tradition, however, so {-Ha'} is here classified as a rover.

{-qu'} <emphatic>

This suffix emphasizes or affirms whatever immediately precedes it.

{yIHaghqu'} <study him/her well>[[Hagh=>HaD]]

{yI-} (prefix) <imperative: you--him/her>

{Hagh} (verb) <study>[[Hagh=>HaD]]

{-qu'} (rover) <emphatic>

{nuQaw'qu'be'} <they have not finished us off>

{nu-} (prefix) <they--us>[[p.49]]

{Qaw'} (verb) <destroy>

{-qu'} (rover) <emphatic>

{-be'} (rover) <not>

The roving nature of {-qu'} can be seen in the following set:

{pIHoHvIpbe'qu'} <we are NOT afraid to kill you>

{pIHoHvIpqu'be'} <we are not AFRAID to kill you>

{pIHoHqu'vIpbe'} <we are not afraid to KILL you>

{pI-} (prefix) <we--you>

{HoH} (verb) <kill>

{-vIp} (2) <afraid>

{-be'} (rover) <not>

{-qu'} (rover) <emphatic>

The first word above might be used after an enemy challenged the bravery of the speaker. The second might be followed by an explanation such as, ``We are not willing to kill you because we require your services.'' The third word would be used to emphasize killing, as opposed to some other form of punishment.

The rover {-qu'} also follows verbs when they are used adjectivally (section 4.4).

4.4 Adjectives[[4.4=>4.4.]]

There are no adjectives as such in Klingon. Those notions expressed as adjectives in English (such as <big, tired>) are expressed by verbs in Klingon (<be big, be tired>). A verb expressing a state or quality can be used immediately following a noun to modify that noun.

{puq Doy'} <tired child>

{puq} <child>

{Doy'} <be tired>

{Dujmey tIn} <big ships>

{Dujmey} <ships, vessels>

{tIn} <be big>

The rover {-qu'} <emphatic> (section 4.3) may follow verbs functioning adjectivally. In this usage, it is usually translated

<very.>

{Dujmey tInqu'} <very big ships>[[p.50]]

{wanI' ramqu'} <a very unimportant event>

{wanI'} <event, occurrence>

{ram} <be trivial, unimportant>

If a Type 5 noun suffix is used (section 3.3.5), it follows the verb, which, when used to modify the noun in this way, can have no other suffix except the rover {-qu'} <emphatic.> The Type 5 noun suffix follows {-qu'.}

{veng tInDaq} <in the big city>

{veng} <city>

{tIn} <be big>

{-Daq} <locative>

{veng tInqu'Daq} <in the very big city>[[p.51]]

5. OTHER KINDS OF WORDS

By far the bulk of Klingon words are nouns and verbs. There are a few others which, probably as an expedient, Klingon grammarians lump together in a group called {chuvmey}

<leftovers.> It is possible to classify the {chuvmey} somewhat.

5.1. Pronouns

In addition to possessive suffixes for nouns (section 3.3.4) and pronominal prefixes for verbs (section 4.1), there is a set of nine pronouns which are independent words.[[nine=>ten]]

{jIH} <I, me> {maH} <we, us>

{soH} <you> {tlhIH} <you (plural)>[[soH=>SoH]]

{ghaH} <he/she, him/her> {chaH} <they, them>

{'oH} <it> {bIH} <they, them>

{'e'} <that>

{net} <that>

The pronoun {chaH} <they> is used when it refers to a group of beings capable of using language; otherwise, {bIH} <they> is used.

The pronouns {'e'} and {net} are used only in special sentence constructions (see section 6.2.5).

There is no grammatical gender in Klingon. Third-person[[p.52]]

singular pronouns can be translated <he> or <she> as context dictates.

Pronouns may be used as nouns, but only for emphasis or added clarity. They are not required. Thus, the following sets of sentences are all grammatically correct.

{yaS vIlegh jIH} <I see the officers.>

{yaS vIlegh}

{jIH mulegh yaS} <The officer sees me.>

{mulegh yaS}

{ghaH vIlegh jIH} <I see him/her.>

{ghaH vIlegh}

{vIlegh jIH}

{vIlegh}

({yaS} <officer,> {vIlegh} <I see him/her,> {mulegh} <he/she sees me>)

The final two sentences ({vIlegh jIH, vIlegh}) are in fact ambiguous. They could equally well mean <I see them.> (The verb prefix {vI-} is either <I--him/her> or <I--them.>) If context does not make it clear which meaning is intended, pronouns can be used:

{ghaH vIlegh} <I see him/her.>

{chaH vIlegh} <I see them.>

Pronouns are not used in possessive constructions in the way nouns are; instead, the set of possessive noun suffixes is used (section 3.3.4).

Finally, pronouns can be used as verbs, in the sense of `Ì

am,'' etc. (See section 6.3).

5.2. Numbers

Klingon originally had a ternary number system; that is, one based on three. Counting proceeded as follows: 1, 2, 3; 3+1, 3+2, 3+3; 2×3+1, 2×3+2, 2×3+3; 3×3+1, 3×3+2, 3×3+3; and then it got complicated. In accordance with the more accepted practice, the Klingon Empire sometime back adopted a decimal number system, one based on ten.[[p.53]]

Though no one knows for sure, it is likely that this change was made more out of concern for understanding the scientific data of other civilizations than out of a spirit of cooper-ation.

The Klingon numbers are:

1 {wa'} 6 {jav}

2 {cha'} 7 {Soch}

3 {wej} 8 {chorgh}

4 {loS} 9 {Hut}

5 {vagh} 10 {wa'maH}

Higher numbers are formed by adding special number-[[keep hyphen]]

forming elements to the basic set of numbers (1--9). Thus,

{wa'maH} <ten> consists of {wa'} <one> plus the number-forming element for <ten,> {maH.} Counting continues as follows: 11 {wa'maH wa'} (that is, <ten and one>) 12 {wa'maH cha'} (that is, <ten and two>) etc.

Higher numbers are based on {maH} <ten,> {vatlh} <hundred,> and

{SaD} or {SanID} <thousand.> Both {SaD} and {SanID} are equally correct for <thousand,> and both are used with roughly equal frequency. It is not known why this number alone has two variants.

20 {cha'maH} (that is, <two tens>) 30 {wejmaH} (that is, <three tens>) etc.

100 {wa'vatlh} (that is, <one hundred>) 200 {cha'vatlh} (that is, <two hundreds>) etc.

1,000 {wa'SaD} or {wa'SanID} (that is, <one thousand>) 2,000 {cha'SaD} or {cha'SanID} (that is, <two thousands>) etc.

Numbers are combined as in English:

5,347 {vaghSad wejvatlh loSmaH Soch} or[[vaghSad=>vaghSaD]][[p.54]]

{vaghSanID wejvatlh loSmaH Soch}

604 {javvatlh loS}

31 {wejmaH wa'}

Some of the number-forming elements for higher numbers are:

ten thousand {netlh}

hundred thousand {bIp}

million {'uy'}

Zero is {pagh.}

Numbers are used as nouns. As such, they may stand alone as subjects or objects or they may modify another noun.

{mulegh cha'} <Two (of them) see me.> ({mulegh} <they see me,> {cha'} <two>)

{wa' yIHoH} <Kill one (of them)!>

({wa'} <one,> {yIHoH} <kill him/her!>) The preceding sentence is grammatically correct even without the {wa'} because the prefix {yI-} indicates a singular object. The

{wa',} therefore, is used for emphasis only.

Numbers used as modifiers precede the noun they modify.

{loS puqpu'} or {loS puq} <four children>

{vaghmaH yuQmey} or {vaghmaH yuQ} <fifty planets> The plural suffixes ({-pu', -mey}) are not necessary when a number is used.

When a number is used for numbering, as opposed to counting, it follows the noun. Compare:

{DuS wa'} <torpedo tube number 1>

{wa' DuS} <one torpedo tube>

Ordinal numbers (<first, second,> etc.) are formed by adding

{-DIch} to the numbers.

{wa'DIch} <first>

{cha'DIch} <second>

{HutDIch} <ninth>

Ordinal numbers follow the noun.

{meb cha'DIch} <second guest>[[p.55]]

Adding {-logh} to a number gives the notion of repetitions.

{wa'logh} <once>

{cha'logh} <twice>

{Hutlogh} <nine times>

These numbers function in the sentence as adverbials (section 5.4).

5.3. Conjunctions

Conjunctions are of two types: those that join nouns together and those that join sentences together. The meanings of the two types of conjunctions, however, are the same: JOINING NOUNS JOINING SENTENCES

{je} {'ej} <and>

{joq} {qoj} <and/or>

{ghap} {pagh} <either/or> The conjunctions joining nouns come after the final noun.

{DeS 'uS je} <an arm and a leg>

{DeS 'uS joq} <an arm or a leg or both>

{DeS 'eS ghap} <either an arm or a leg (but not both)> The noun conjunction {je} has an additional function: when it follows a verb, it means <also, too.>

{qaleghpu' je} <I also saw you, I saw you too> As in English, the meaning of such sentences is ambiguous:

<I and others saw you> or <I saw you and others.> The exact meaning is determined by context.

In addition to the three listed above, there is one other sentence conjunction:

{'ach} <but, nevertheless, however, even so> This word is sometimes shortened to {'a.}

The conjunctions joining sentences occur between the sentences they join. For illustrations, see section 6.2.1.

5.4. Adverbials

These words usually come at the beginning of a sentence and describe the manner of the activity.[[p.56]]

{batlh} <with honor, in an honored fashion>

{bong} <by accident, accidentally, not intentionally>

{chaq} <perhaps>

{chIch} <on purpose, purposely>

{DaH} <now>

{Do'} <with luck, luckily>

{loQ} <slightly, a little bit>

{nom} <fast, quickly>

{not} <never>

{pay'} <suddenly>

{pIj} <often>

{QIt} <slowly>

{reH} <always>

{rut} <sometimes>

{tugh} <soon>

{vaj} <thus, in that case, so, accordingly, then>

{wej} <not yet>

Examples:

{bong yaS vIHoHpu'} <I accidentally killed the officer.> ({yaS} <officer,> {vIHoHpu'} <I killed him/her>)

{batlh Daqawlu'taH} <You will be remembered with honor.> ({Daqawlu'taH} <somebody continues to

remember you>)

{vaj Daleghpu'} <Then you have seen it.> ({Daleghpu'} <you have seen it>)

{wej vIlegh} <I don't see him/her yet> ({vIlegh} <I see him/her>)

One word fits somewhat awkwardly into this category:

{neH} <only, merely, just>

Unlike the other adverbials, it follows the verb which it modifies. The semantic effect is one of trivializing the action.

{qama' vIqIppu' neH} <I merely hit the prisoner.> ({qama'} <prisoner,> {vIqIppu'} <I hit him/

her>)

{Duj yIQotlh neH} <Just disable the ship!> ({Duj} <ship, vessel,> {yIQotlh} <disable it!>)

[[p.57]]

The use of {neH} in the preceding sentence implies that the ship is to be disabled, but not damaged further.

Also unlike the other adverbials, {neH} can follow a noun. In such cases, it means <only, alone.>

{yaS neH} <only the officer, the officer alone>

{jonta' neH} <only the engine>

Adverbials sometimes occur alone, functioning more or less as exclamations (section 5.5). For example:

{nom} <Move fast! Move quickly!>

{wej} <Don't do it yet!>

{tugh} <Hurry up!>

5.5 Exclamations[[5.5=>5.5.]]

These expressions stand as sentences in their own right.

{ghobe'} <No.> (response to a question)

{Ha'} <Let's go! Come on!>

{HIja'} or {HISlaH} <Yes.> (response to a question)

{lu'} or {luq} <Yes. Okay. I will.>

{maj} <Good.> (expressing satisfaction)

{majQa'} <Very good. Well done.>

{nuqneH} <What do you want?> (greeting)

{pItlh} <Done!>

{Qo'} <No. I won't. I refuse.>

{SuH} or {Su'} <Ready!>

{toH} <Well! So!>

{wejpuH} <Charming.> (used only ironically)

{'eH} <Ready!>

{HIja'} and {HISlaH} <yes> seem to be used interchangeably.

{SuH, Su',} and {'eH} all mean that the speaker is about to give a command. They are comparable to thè`Ready!'' at the beginning of a race: ``Ready! Set! Go!'' {SuH} and {Su',} but not

{'eH,} can also be used to indicate that the speaker is ready to do something or that arrangements have been made for something to happen. Some speakers of Klingon pronounce

{SuH} as if it were {SSS,} almost like the English expression for

``be quiet'': <shhh!>

{pItlh} is used for <It's done! I've done it! I've finished! All done!> etc.[[p.58]]

The expression {toH} is roughly equivalent to English <aha!> Also included in the category of exclamations are Klingon curses. Only three such curses have been noted to date.

{QI'yaH} <*?!#@>

{ghuy'cha'} <*@$%>

{Qu'vatlh} <#*@!>

5.6. Names and address

Klingon names are frequently mispronounced by non-[[keep hypen]]

Klingons. Furthermore, when written in the writing systems of other languages, they usually end up with spellings which only suggest their true pronunciation. For example, the Klingon sound {tlh} at the beginning of a word is almost always written <kl> by English speakers, presumably because the sound

<tl> cannot occur at the beginning of an English word. Similarly, Klingon {Q} is often rendered <kr,> and Klingon {q} always comes out <k.>

The following is a list of a few Klingon names along with their usual English spellings.

{mara} <Mara>

{matlh} <Maltz>

{qeng} <Kang>

{qeylIS} <Kahless>

{qolotlh} <Koloth>

{qor} <Kor>

{qoreQ} <Korax>

{QaS} <Kras>

{Qel} <Krell>

{Qugh} <Kruge>

{torgh} <Torg>

{valQIS} <Valkris>

Names may be used in direct address (that is, calling somebody by name) at the beginning or end of the sentence.

Other words in direct address (such as {qaH} <sir,> {joHwI'} <my lord>) are used similarly.

{torgh HIghoS} <Torg, come here!> ({HIghoS} <proceed toward me!>)

{lu' qaH} <Yes, sir!>[[p.59]]

6. SYNTAX

As in any language, Klingon sentences range from the very simple and straightforward to the very complex and convo-luted. What follows here are the mere basics of Klingon sentence structure. This information should provide a good foundation so that students of Klingon can converse properly, though not eloquently, while learning more about the language.

6.1. Basic sentences

The basic structure of a Klingon sentence is: OBJECT--VERB--SUBJECT

This the reverse of the order in English, so care should be taken to avoid interpreting sentences backward. The subject is the person or thing doing the action described by the verb; The object is the recipient of that action.

The importance of word order can be seen by comparing the following sentences.

{puq legh yaS} <The officer sees the child.>

{yaS legh puq} <The child sees the officer.> In both sentences, the words are identical: {puq} <child,> {legh}

[[p.60]]

<he/she sees him/her,> {yaS} <officer.> The only way to know who is seeing whom is by the order of the words in the sentence. The verb {legh} is preceded by the prefix 0 <he/she--him/her.> When the subject and/or object is first or second person, the prefix on the verb must be the proper one.

{puq vIlegh jIH} <I see the child.>

({vIlegh} <I see him/her>)

{jIH mulegh puq} <The child sees me.> ({mulegh} <he/she sees me>)

Actually, the first- and second-person pronouns are seldom used in sentences of this type (though they can, as here, be used for emphasis), so the following sentences illustrate more commonly occurring sentence types.

{puq vIlegh} <I see the child.>

{mulegh puq} <The child sees me.>

Imperative sentences (commands) follow the same rules.

{So'wI' yIchu'} <Engage the cloaking device!> ({So'wI'} <cloaking device,>

{yIchu'} <engage it!>)

{DoS yIbuS} <Concentrate on the target!> ({DoS} <target,> {yIbuS} <concentrate on it!>)

{yaSpu' tIHoH} <Kill the officers!>

({yaSpu'} <officers,> {tIHoH} <kill them!>) Any noun in the sentence indicating something other than subject or object comes first, before the object noun. Such nouns usually end in a Type 5 noun suffix (section 3.3.5).

{pa'Daq yaS vIleghpu'} <I saw the officer in the room.> ({pa'Daq} <in the room,>

{yaS} <officer,> {vIleghpu'} <I saw him/

her>)

Other examples of this construction are given in section 3.3.5.

6.2. Complex sentences

A few of the more common types of more elaborate Klingon sentences will be illustrated.[[p.61]]

6.2.1. Compound sentences

Two sentences may be joined together to form a longer compound sentence. Both sentences must be able to stand alone as properly formed sentences. When combined, they simply come one after the other, joined by a conjunction (see section 5.3).

{jISoptaH 'ej QongtaH} <I am eating, and he/she is sleeping.>

{jISoptaH 'ach QongtaH} <I am eating, but he/she is sleeping.>

{bISoptaH qoj bItlhutlhtaH} <You are eating and/or you are drinking.>

{bISoptaH pagh bItlhutlhtaH} <You are either eating or else you are drinking.>

When the subject of both of the joined sentences is the same, the English translation may be reduced to a less choppy form, but Klingon does not allow this shortening.

The pronominal prefix must be used with both verbs.

Thus, the final two sentences above may be translated

<You are eating and/or drinking; You are either eating or drinking.>

When a noun (as opposed to simply a verbal prefix) indicates subject and/or object, there are some options in Klingon. In its fullest form, a Klingon sentence repeats the noun:

{yaS legh puq 'ej yaS qIp puq}

({yaS} <officer,> {puq} <child,> {legh} <he/she sees him/her,> {qIp} <he/she hits him/her>)

<The child sees the officer and the child hits the officer.>

or

<The child sees the officer and hits the officer.> or

<The child sees and hits the officer.> It is possible, however, to use pronouns rather than nouns in the second of the joined sentences.[[p.62]]

{yaS legh puq 'ej ghaH qIp ghaH} ({ghaH} <he/she>)

<The child sees the officer and he/she hits him/her.> or

<The child sees the officer and hits him/her.> If the context is clear, even the pronoun may be left out.

{yaS vIlegh 'ej vIqIp} ({vI-} <I--him/her>)

<I see the officer and I hit him/her.> or

<I see the officer and hit him/her.> or

<I see and hit the officer.>

6.2.2. Subordinate clauses

Klingon verbs ending in Type 9 suffixes (other than {-'a'}

<interrogative> and {-wI'} <one who does, one which does>) always occur in sentences with another verb. Hence, they are verbs in subordinate clauses.

{cha yIbaH qara'DI'}

or {qara'DI' cha yIbaH} <Fire the torpedoes at my command!>

The two parts of this sentence are {cha yIbaH} <fire the torpedoes!> and {qara'DI'} <when I command you> or <as soon as I command you.> {-DI'} is a Type 9 suffix meaning <as soon as, when,> so {qara'DI'} must occur as part of a larger sentence.

Note that the order of the two parts of the sentence is variable.

A few further examples should make the use of subordinate clauses clear.

{bIjatlhHa'chugh qaHoH}

or {qaHoH bIjatlhHa'chugh} <If you say the wrong thing, I will kill you.>

({bIjatlhHa'chugh} <if you

misspeak,> {qaHoH} <I kill

you>)

Note that although the English translation uses the word <will,> there is no marker for future in Klingon. The unsuffixed verb

{HoH} <kill> is neutral as to time: since the person being[[p.63]]

addressed is being given a chance to speak, that person must still be alive. Thus, the killing must take place in the future.

{SutlhtaHvIS chaH DIHIvpu'}

or {DIHIvpu' SutlhtaHvIS chaH} <While they were negotiating we

attacked them.>

({SutlhtaHvIS} <while

they are negotiating,>

{chaH} <they,> {DIHIvpu'}

<we attacked them>)

The notion of <were negotiating,> rather than <are negotiating,> comes from the suffix {-pu'} <perfective> attached to the verb {HIv}

<attack.> A translation such as <While they are negotiating we attacked them> makes little sense in English and misrepresents the meaning of the Klingon sentence.

6.2.3. Relative clauses

Relative clauses are translated into English as phrases beginning with <who, which, where,> and, most commonly, <that.> Like adjectives, they describe nouns: <the dog which is running, the cat that is sleeping, the child who is playing, the restaurant where we ate.> The noun modified by a relative clause is the head noun.

In Klingon, the verb in the relative clause ends with the Type 9 suffix {-bogh,} which will, for convenience, be translated

<which.>

Whether the head noun follows or precedes the relative clause depends on its relationship to that clause. Compare the following:

{qIppu'bogh yaS} <officer who hit him/her>

{yaS qIppu'bogh} <officer whom he/she hit> In both phrases, the relative clause is {qIppu'bogh} ({qIp} <hit,>

{-pu'} <perfective,> {-bogh} <which>), and the head noun is {yaS}

<officer.> In the first phrase, {yaS} is the subject of the verb {qIp}

(the officer is doing the hitting), so it follows {qIppu'bogh,} just as all subjects follow the verb. In the second phrase, {yaS} is the

[[p.64]]

object (the officer is getting hit), so it precedes {qIppu'bogh,}

just as all objects precede the verb.

The whole construction (relative clause plus head noun), as a unit, is used in a sentence as a noun. Accordingly, this construction follows or precedes the verb of the sentence, depending on whether it is the subject or object.

{qIppu'bogh yaS vIlegh} <I see the officer who hit him/her.>

The entire relative construction {qIppu'bogh yaS} <officer who hit him/her> is the object of the verb {vIlegh} <I see him/her,> so it precedes the verb.

{mulegh qIppu'bogh yaS} <The officer who hit him/her sees me.>

Here, {qIppu'bogh yaS} is the subject of the verb {mulegh} <he/she sees me,> so it follows the verb.

This pattern is also followed when the head noun is the object of the verb in the relative clause, such as {yaS

qIppu'bogh} <officer whom he/she hit.>

{yaS qIppu'bogh vIlegh} <I see the officer whom he/she hit.>

{mulegh yaS qIppu'bogh} <The officer whom he/she hit sees me.>

In the English translation, the relative pronouns (<that, which,> etc.) may often be omitted: <I see the officer he/she hit, the officer he/she hit sees me.> In Klingon, however, {-bogh} is mandatory.

6.2.4. Purpose clauses

If an action is being done in order to accomplish something, or for the purpose of accomplishing something, the verb describing what is to be accomplished ends with the Type 9

suffix {-meH,} which may be translated <for, for the purpose of, in order to.> The purpose clause always precedes the noun or verb whose purpose it is describing.

{ja'chuqmeH rojHom neH jaghla'} <The enemy commander[[jaghla'=>jagh la']]

wishes a truce (in order)

to confer.>[[p.65]]

The phrase {ja'chuqmeH rojHom} <a truce (in order) to confer> is the object of the verb {neH} <he/she wants it;> the subject is

{jaghla'} <enemy commander.> The object is a noun {rojHom} <truce>

[[jaghla'=>jagh la']]

preceded by the purpose clause {ja'chuqmeH} <for the purpose of conferring> or <in order to confer.> (The verb is made up of {ja'}

<tell,> {-chuq} <each other;> thus, <confer> is <tell each other.>)

{jagh luHoHmeH jagh lunejtaH} <They are searching for the enemy in order to

kill him/her.>

Here the purpose clause is {jagh luHoHmeH} <in order for them to kill the enemy,> which is made up of the object noun {jagh}

<enemy> preceding the verb {luHoHmeH} <in order for them to kill him/her> ({lu-} <they--him/her,> {HoH} <kill,> {-meH} <for>). It describes

the purpose of the verb {lunejtaH} <they are searching for him/her> ({lu-} <they--him/her,> {nej} <seek, search for,> {-taH}

<continu-

ous>). Note that, just as in compound sentences, the object noun {jagh} <enemy> occurs before each verb for which it is the object. Thus, somewhat more literally, the sentence may be translated <In order to kill the enemy, they are searching for the enemy.>

Furthermore, just as in compound sentences, the second of two identical nouns may be replaced by a pronoun or, if the context, is clear, left out altogether.

{jagh luHoHmeH ghaH lunejtaH}

{jagh luHoHmeH lunejtaH} <They are searching for the enemy in order to kill

him/her.>

6.2.5. Sentences as objects

Klingon has two special pronouns, {'e'} and {net,} which refer to the previous sentence as a whole. They are used primarily, not exclusively, with verbs of thinking or observation (such as <know, see>). They are always treated as the object verb, and the verb always takes a prefix indicating a third-person singular object. What is a single sentence in English is often two sentences in Klingon. {net} is used only under special circumstances (see page 66), but {'e'} is common. Several examples should make the use of {'e'}

clear.[[p.66]]

{qama'pu' DIHoH 'e' luSov} <They know we kill prisoners.> This sentence is actually two: (1) {qama'pu' DIHoH} <We kill prisoners> ({qama'pu'} <prisoners,> {DIHoH} we <kill them>); (2) {'e'

luSov} <They know that> ({'e'} <that,> {luSov} <they know it>). The pronoun {'e'} refers to the previous sentence, <We kill prisoners.>

{yaS qIppu' 'e' vIlegh} <I saw him/her hit the officers.> The two sentences here are: (1) {yaS qIppu'} <He/she hit the officer;> (2) {'e' vIlegh} <I see that> ({vIlegh} <I see it>). The construction might equally well be translated as <I saw that he/she hit the officer.> Note that the verb in the second sentence, {vIlegh} <I see it,> is neutral as to time. The past tense of the translation

<(I saw...)> comes from the verb in the first sentence, {qIppu'}

<he/she hit him/her> ({-pu'} <perfective>). In complex sentences of this type, the second verb never takes an aspect suffix (section 4.2.7).

When the verb of the second sentence has a third-person subject (that is, the pronominal prefix is 0) but the intended meaning is <one> or <someone,> rather than <he, she, it,> or <they,>

{net}

is used instead of {'e'.}

{qama'pu' DIHoH net Sov} <One knows we kill prisoners.> As above, the first sentence here is {qama'pu' DIHoH} <We kill prisoners.> The second sentence is {net Sov} <One knows that.> The full construction implies that it is common knowledge that the group to which the speaker belongs kills prisoners.

{Qu'vaD lI' net tu'bej} <One certainly finds it useful for the mission.>

The first part of this example is {Qu'vaD lI'} <It is useful for the mission> ({Qu'vaD} <for the mission,> {lI'} <it is useful>). The second part is {net tu'bej} <One certainly finds that> or <One certainly observes that.> The full construction might also be translated

<One will certainly observe that it is useful to the mission.> Note that although the word <will> makes a more flowing translation, there is nothing in the Klingon sentence indicating future tense.

When the verb of the second sentence is {neH} <want,> neither[[p.67]]

{'e'} nor {net} is used, but the construction is otherwise identical to that just described.

{jIQong vIneH} <I want to sleep.>

({jIQong} <I sleep,> {vIneH} <I want it>)

{qalegh vIneH} <I want to see you.>

({qalegh} <I see you,> {vIneH} <I want it>)

{Dalegh vIneH} <I want you to see him/her.> ({Dalegh} <you see him/her,> {vIneH} <I want it>)

{qama'pu' vIjonta' vIneH} <I wanted to capture prisoners.> In this final example, the first part is {qama'pu' vIjonta'} <I captured prisoners> ({qama'pu'} <prisoners,> {vIjonta'} <I captured them>). Note once again that the aspect marker (in this case,

{-ta'} <accomplished>) goes with the first verb only; the second verb, {vIneH} <I want it,> is neutral as to time. The past tense of the translation <(I wanted...)> comes from the aspect marker on the first verb.

Similarly, with verbs of saying (<say, tell, ask,> etc.), {'e'} and

{net} are not used. The two phrases simply follow one another, in either order.

{qaja'pu' HIqaghQo'}

or {HIqaghQo' qaja'pu'} <I told you not to interrupt me.> This is literally <I told you, ``Don't interrupt me!''> or <``Don't interrupt me'' I told you> ({qaja'pu'} <I told you,> {HIqaghQo'} <don't interrupt me!>). An aspect marker (here, {-pu'} <perfective>) may always be attached to the verb of saying, regardless of whether it is the first or second verb.

Finally, the use of {rIntaH} to indicate that an action is accomplished (section 4.2.7) is another example of the two-[[keep hyphen]]

verb (or two-sentence) construction.

6.3. ``To be''

There is no verb corresponding to English <to be> in Klingon.

On the other hand, all pronouns (section 5.1) can be used as verbs, in the sense of <I am, you are,> etc.

{tlhIngan jIH} <I am a Klingon.>[[p.68]]

{yaS SoH} <You are an officer.>

{puqpu' chaH} <They are children.>

The pronoun always follows the noun.

Similarly, there is no verb corresponding to <to be> in the sense of ``to be at a place.'' Again, the pronouns are used, followed, where appropriate, by verbal suffixes.

{pa'wIjDaq jIHtaH} <I am in my quarters.> ({pa'wIjDaq} <in my room,> {jIH} <I,>

{-taH} <continuous>)

In the above examples, the subjects are pronouns. If the subject is a noun, it follows the third-person pronoun ({ghaH}

<he/she,> {'oH} <it,> {chaH} <they,> {bIH} <they>) and takes the {-'e'}

<topic>

suffix (see section 3.3.5).

{puqpu' chaH qama'pu' 'e'} <The prisoners are children.>[[qama'pu'

'e'=>qama'pu''e']]

{pa'DajDaq ghaHtaH la''e'} <The commander is in his quarters.>

These sentences might also be translated <As for the prisoners, they are children; As for the commander, he is in his quarters.> 6.4. Questions

There are two types of questions: those which may be answered ``yes'' or ``no,'' and those which require explana-tions as answers.

Yes/no questions are formed with the Type 9 suffix {-'a'}

added to the verb. Examples are given in section 4.2.9.

Appropriate answers to yes/no questions are:

{HIja'} or {HISlaH} <yes>

{ghobe'} <no>

The other type of question contains a question word:

{chay'} <how?>

{ghorgh} <when?>

{nuq} <what?>

{nuqDaq} <where?>[[p.69]]

{qatlh} <why?>

{'ar} <how many? how much?>

{'Iv} <who?>

For {'Iv} <who?> and {nuq} <what?> the question word fits into the sentence in the position that would be occupied by the answer. For example:

{yaS legh 'Iv} <Who sees the officer?>

{'Iv legh yaS} <Whom does the officer see?> In the first question, it is the subject which is being asked about, so {'Iv} <who?> goes in the subject position, following the verb {legh} <he/she sees him/her.> In the second case, the object is being questioned, so the question word goes in the object position, before the verb.

Similarly with {nuq} <what?:>

{Duj ghoStaH nuq} <What is coming toward the ship?> ({Duj} <ship, vessel,> {ghoStaH} <it is proceeding toward it>)

{nuq legh yaS} <What does the officer see?> Both {'Iv} and {nuq} are treated as nouns as far as the pronominal prefixes are concerned. That is, they are considered third person.

{nughoStaH nuq} <What is coming toward us?> ({nughoStaH} <it is proceeding toward us>)

{nuq Dalegh} <What do you see?> ({Dalegh} <you see it>) The word for <where?,> {nuqDaq,} is actually {nuq} <what?> followed by the suffix {-Daq} <locative> (see section 3.3.5). As would any locative phrase (see section 6.1), it comes at the beginning of the sentence.

{nuqDaq So'taH yaS} <Where is the officer hiding?> ({So'taH} <he/she is hiding>)

Three other question words likewise occur at the beginning of the sentence.[[p.70]]

{ghorgh Haw'pu' yaS} <When did the officer flee?> ({Haw'pu'} <he/she has fled>)

{qatlh Haw'pu' yaS} <Why did the officer flee?>

{chay' Haw'pu' yaS} <How did the officer flee?> Note also:

{chay' jura'} <What are your orders?> This is actually {chay'} <how?,> {jura'} <you command us;> thus,

<How do you command us?>

The question word {chay'} <how?> may be used as a one-word sentence meaning <How did this happen? What happened?

What the---?>

Finally, {'ar} <how many? how much?> follows the noun to which it refers. It can never follow a noun with a plural suffix ({-pu', -mey, -Du';} see section 3.3.2).

{Haw'pu' yaS 'ar} <How many officers fled?> ({Haw'pu'} <they fled,> {yaS} <officer>)

{nIn 'ar wIghaj} <How much fuel do we have?> ({nIn} <fuel,> {wIghaj} we <have it>) 6.5. Commands

Commands are given with appropriate imperative prefixes.

See sections 4.1.2, 4.3.

6.6. Comparatives and superlatives

The idea of something being more or greater than something else (comparative) is expressed by means of a construction which can be represented by the following formula: A Q {law'} B Q {puS}

In this formula, A and B are the two things being compared and Q is the quality which is being measured. The two Klingon words in the formula are {law'} <be many> and {puS} <be few.> Thus, it says <A's Q is many, B's Q is few> or <A has more Q

than B has> or <A is Q-er than B.> Any verb expressing a quality or condition may fit into the Q slot.[[p.71]]

{la' jaq law' yaS jaq puS} <The commander is bolder than the officer.>

({la'} <commander,> {jaq} <be bold,>

{yaS}

<officer>)

To express the superlative, that something is the most or the greatest of all, the noun {Hoch} <all> is used in the B position:

{la' jaq law' Hoch jaq puS} <The commander is boldest of all.>

In comparative and superlative constructions, the verb of quality ({jaq} <be bold> in the sentences above) must be said twice.[[p.72]]

7. CLIPPED KLINGON

The preceding grammatical sketch describes ``proper''

Klingon, that is, Klingon as it is taught in Klingon schools or to non-Klingons. In actual day-to-day use, however, spoken Klingon may vary somewhat from its ``proper'' form, usually by leaving some elements out. This abbreviated form of speaking, called Clipped Klingon by Klingon grammarians, is heard quite frequently in military contexts where quick

---rather than eloquent---communication is deemed a virtue.

Probably for similar reasons, Clipped Klingon is used quite extensively in all walks of Klingon life.

Some of the features of Clipped Klingon are described below.

7.1. Commands

In giving commands, the imperative prefix (section 4.1.2) may be left off, leaving the bare verb.

Proper Klingon: {yIbaH} <Fire (the torpedoes)!> Clipped Klingon: {baH}

Proper Klingon: {wIy yIcha'} <Show the tactical display!> Clipped Klingon: {wIy cha'}

({wIy} <tactical display on monitor,> {cha'} <show, project>) Proper Klingon: {He chu' yIghoS} <Follow a new course!>[[p.73]]

Clipped Klingon: {He chu' ghoS}

({He} <course,> {chu'} <be new,> {ghoS} <follow a course>) When the object noun is critical, and what is to be done with that noun is obvious (or should be obvious) to the listener, that noun itself may serve as the command.

Proper Klingon: {chuyDaH yIlaQ} <Fire the thrusters!> Clipped Klingon: {chuyDaH} <Thrusters!> ({chuyDaH} <thrusters,> {laQ} <fire, energize>) Proper Klingon: {HaSta yIcha'} <Show the visual display!> Clipped Klingon: {HaSta} <Visual (display)!> ({HaSta} <visual display on monitor,> {cha'} <show, project>)

Finally, other grammatical markers, particularly noun suffixes, may be left out of commands.

Proper Klingon: {jolpa'Daq yIjaH} <Go to the transport room!> Clipped Klingon: {jolpa' yIjaH}

({jolpa'} <transport room,> {-Daq} <locative,> {jaH} <go>) It is not common, when noun suffixes are chopped, for the imperative prefix on the verb to be dropped as well.

7.2. Responses to commands, status reports Responses to commands and status reports are also prone to clipping.

Proper Klingon: {So'wI' vIchu'ta'} <I have engaged the cloaking device.>

Proper Klingon: {So'wI' chu'lu'ta'} <The cloaking device has been engaged.>

Clipped Klingon: {So'wI' chu'ta'} <Cloaking device engaged.> ({So'wI'} <cloaking device,> {vIchu'ta'} <I have engaged it,>

{chu'lu'ta'} <it has been engaged>)

In the preceding example, the clipped form can correspond to either a dropping of the prefix {vI-} <I--it> or the suffix {-lu'}

<indefinite subject.>

Proper Klingon: {jIyajchu'} <I understand clearly.> Clipped Klingon: {yajchu'} <Understood clearly.> ({yaj} <understand,> {-chu'} <clearly, perfectly>)[[p.74]]

In this final example, the clipped form, lacking the pronominal prefix {jI-} <I,> is a likely response to a question in clipped form, such as {yaj'a'} <Understood?> (compare Proper Klingon

{bIyaj'a'} <Do you understand?>).

7.3. Duress, excitement

When in a situation of great danger or when immediate action may be necessary, a Klingon is apt to drop pronominal prefixes. This clipped form is also common when a Klingon is excited for some reason.

Proper Klingon: {qama'pu' vIjonta' vIneH} <I wanted to capture prisoners.>

Clipped Klingon: {qama'pu' jonta' neH} <Wanted prisoners!> ({qama'pu'} <prisoners,> {vIjonta'} <I captured them,> {vIneH} <I want them>)

In context, it would be clear that the speaker is the one doing the wanting (and capturing), even though the pronominal prefix {vI-} <I--them> is missing.[[p.75]]

DICTIONARY[[p.77]]

INTRODUCTORY REMARKS

This dictionary contains four parts: (1) Klingon to English, (2) English to Klingon, (3) list of apexes in Klingon alphabetical order, (4) list of affixes in English alphabetical order.

Klingon alphabetical order is as follows:

{a, b, ch, D, e, gh, H, I, j, l, m, n, ng, o, p, q, Q, r, S, t, tlh, u, v, w, y, '}

Note that {ch, gh, ng,} and {tlh} are considered separate letters.

Thus the syllable {no} would precede the syllable {nga} in the Klingon list.

Each Klingon word is tagged as to type (noun, verb, etc.).

This tag occurs at the end of the English translation. The abbreviations used to indicate word types are: adv adverbial (section 5.4)

conj conjunction (section 5.3)

excl exclamation (section 5.5)

n noun (section 3)

num number (section 5.2)

pro pronoun (section 5.1)

ques question word (section 6.4)

v verb (section 4)[[p.78]]

In looking through the dictionary, it will be noticed that there are a number of noun/verb pairs; that is, the same word is both a noun and a verb. Futhermore, there are some words

[[Futhermore=>Furthermore]]

which are identical in form (and nearly identical in meaning) to some suffixes (for example, {laH} is a noun meaning <accomplishment> and {-laH} is a verb suffix meaning <can, able>).

There are also a number of Klingon synonyms; that is two Klingon words with identical meanings (for example, {joh, jaw}[[joh=> joH]]

<lord,> {chetvI', DuS} <torpedo tube>). Occasionally one member of such a synonym set can be analyzed. Thus, {baHwI'} <gunner> consists of the verb {baH} <fire (a torpedo)> plus the suffix {-wI'}

<one who does something.> The other word for <gunner,> {matha',}

[[matha'=>matHa']]

remains impervious to analysis. Sometimes one member of a set may be partially analyzed. For example, {jonta'} <engine> begins with {jon,} which is also found in {jonwI'} <engineer,> and ends with {ta',} which also occurs in {mIqta'} <machinery.> The other members of these synonym sets, {QuQ} <engine> and {jo'}

<machinery,> cannont be further analyzed. (It is likely that[[cannont=> cannot]]

there are sets of synonyms with three or more members, but none has been found to date.)

It has not yet been possible to determine how, or whether, the synonyms are used differentially. Perhaps there is a suggestion of Klingon social structure hidden here, for many of the synonym sets are words relating to military or governmental rank (such as {yaS, 'utlh} <officer>). On the other hand, some of the pairings are words referring to mechanics or engineering (such as <engine> and <torpedo tube,> as illustrated above). Perhaps a more thorough understanding of Klingon technology would reveal that there is indeed a difference in meaning among members of each set. Despite the current incomplete understanding of synonyms, the student of Klingon can be relatively assured that no major social blunder will be committed by choosing one rather than the other member of a synonym set.

These various pairings (noun/verb, word/suffix, synonym sets) are of great historical interest, for they surely indicate something about earlier stages of the language. Unfortunately, a linguistic history of Klingon is beyond the scope of the present work.

For ease of reference, English entries in the English-[[p.79]]

Klingon section of this dictionary begin with the word that the user would most likely be looking for, even though this may at times be grammatically incorrect. This first word is, when appropriate, followed by the correct translation. For example, English adjectives (e.g., <bold>) correspond to Klingon verbs, most accurately translated using the English verb <to be> (e.g., <be bold>). All such words are entered with the adjective first, followed by the accurate translation (e.g., <bold, be bold>). Similarly, when a Klingon word is translated into an English phrase (e.g., <have a headache>), the first word in the English entry is the key word in the phrase, followed by the proper translation (e.g., <headache, have a headache>).[[p.80]]

KLINGON-ENGLISH

bach

shoot (v)

bach

shot (n)

baH

fire (torpedo, rocket, missile) (v)

baHwI'

gunner (n)

bang

love, one who is loved (n)

baS

metal (n)

batlh

honor (n)

batlh

honored, with honor (adv)

bav

orbit (v)

ba'

sit (v)

bech

suffer (v)

begh

deflectors (n)

beH

rifle (n)

bej

watch (v)

bel

be pleased (v)

bel

pleasure (n)

belHa'

be displeased (v)

ben

years ago (n)

bep

agony (n)

bep

complain, object, gripe (v)

beq

crew, crewman (n)

bergh

be irritable (v)

be'

female, woman (n)[[p.81]]

be'Hom

girl (n)

be'nal

wife (n)

be'nI'

sister (n)

bID

half (n)

bIghHa'

prison, jail (n)

bIH

they, them (incapable of language)

(pro)

bIng

area below, area under (n)

bIp

hundred thousand (num)

bIQ

water (n)

bIQtIq

river (n)

bIQ'a'

ocean (n)

bIr

be cold (v)

bIt

be nervous, uneasy (v)

bIv

break (rules) (v)

bobcho'

module (n)

boch

shine, be shiny (v)

bogh

be born (v)

boH

be impatient (v)

boj

nag (v)

bong

accidentally, by accident (adv)

boq

alliance (n)

boQ

aide (n)

boQ

assist (v)

boQDu'

aide-de-camp (n)

bortaS

revenge (n)

boS

collect (v)

bot

prevent, block, prohibit (v)

botlh

center, middle (n)

bov

era (n)

bo'DIj

court (n)

buD

be lazy (v)

bup

quit (v)

buQ

threaten (v)

burgh

stomach (n)

buS

concentrate on, focus on, think

only about (v)

butlh

dirt under fingernails (n)

buv

classification (n)

buv

classify (v)

bu'

sergeant (n)[[p.82]]

cha

torpedoes (n)

chach

emergency (n)

chagh

drop (v)

chaH

they, them (capable of using lan-

guage) (pro)

chal

sky (n)

chamwI'

technician (n)

chap

back (of hand) (n)

chaq

perhaps (adv)

chargh

conquer (v)

chav

achieve (v)

chav

achievement (n)

chaw'

allow, permit (v)

chay'

how? (ques)

cha'

show, display (picture) (v)

cha'

two (num)

cha'DIch

second (num)

cha'Hu'

day before yesterday (n)

cha'leS

day after tomorrow (n)

cha'logh

twice (adv)

cha'puj

dilithium (n)

cha'pujqut

dilithium crystal (n)

chech

be drunk, intoxicated (v)

chegh

return (v)

cheH

defect (v)

chel

add (v)

chen

build up, take form (v)

chep

prosper, be prosperous (v)

cher

establish, set up (v)

chergh

tolerate (v)

chetvI'

torpedo tube (n)

chev

separate (v)

che'

rule, reign, run (v)

chIch

purposely, on purpose, intentionally

(adv)

chID

admit (v)

chIj

navigate (v)

chIjwI'

navigator (n)

chIm

be empty, deserted, uninhabited (v)

chIp

cut, trim (hair) (v)[[p.83]]

chIrgh

temple (structure) (n)

chIS

be white (v)

choH

alter, change (v)

choH

change (n)

chol

close in, get closer, come nearer (v)

choljaH

ponytail holder (n)

chom

bartender (n)

chong

be vertical (v)

chop

bite (v)

choq

preserve (v)

chor

belly (n)

chorgh

eight (num)

chorghDIch

eighth (num)

choS

desert (v)

choS

twilight (n)

chot

murder (v)

chovnatlh

specimen (n)

chuch

ice (n)

chun

be innocent (v)

chunDab

meteor (n)

chung

accelerate (v)

chup

recommend, suggest (v)

chuq

range, distance (n)

chuQun

nobility (n)

chuS

be noisy (v)

chut

law (n)

chuv

be left over (v)

chuvmey

leftovers (grammatical term) (n)

chuyDaH

thrusters (n)

chu'

be new (v)

chu'

engage, activate (a device) (v)

Dach

be absent (v)

DaH

now (adv)

Daj

be interesting (v)

Dal

be boring (v)

Dan

occupy (military term) (v)

Dap

nonsense (n)

Daq

eavesdrop (v)

DaQ

ponytail (n)[[p.84]]

DaS

boot (n)

DaSpu'

boot spike (n)

Dat

everywhere (n)

Daw'

revolt (v)

Daw'

revolt, revolution (n)

Da'

corporal (rank) (n)

Deb

desert (n)

Dech

surround (v)

Degh

helm (n)

DeghwI'

helmsman (n)

Dej

collapse (v)

Del

describe (v)

DenIb

Denebia (n)

DenIbngan

Denebian (n)

DenIb Qatlh

Denebian slime devil (n)

Dep

being (nonhumanoid) (n)

DeQ

credit (monetary unit) (n)

DeS

arm (body part) (n)

Dev

lead, guide (v)

De'

data, information (n)

De'wI'

computer (n)

DIb

privilege (n)

DIch

certainty (n)

DIl

pay for (v)

DIlyum

trillium (n)

DIng

spin (v)

DIp

noun (n)

DIr

skin (n)

DIS

cave (n)

DIS

confess (v)

DIS

year (Klingon) (n)

DIv

be guilty (v)

DIvI'

federation, organization (n)

DIvI'may'Duj

Federation battle cruiser (n)

Do

velocity (n)

Doch

be rude (v)

Doch

thing (n)

Dogh

be foolish, silly (v)

Doghjey

unconditional surrender (n)

DoH

back away from, back off, get away

from (v)[[p.85]]

Doj

be impressive (v)

Dol

entity (n)

Dom

radan (crude dilithium crystal) (n)

Don

be parallel, go parallel to (v)

Dop

side (n)

Doq

be orange, red (v)

DoQ

claim (territory) (v)

Dor

escort (v)

DoS

target (n)

Dotlh

status (n)

Doy'

be tired (v)

Doy'yuS

Troyius (n)

Do'

be fortunate, lucky (v)

Do'

luckily, with luck (adv)

Dub

back (of body) (n)

Dub

improve (v)

DuD

mix (v)

Dugh

be vigilant (v)

DuH

be possible (v)

DuH

possibility, option (n)

Duj

instincts (n)

Duj

ship, vessel (n)

Dum

nap (v)

Dun

be wonderful, great (v)

Dung

area above, area overhead (n)

Dup

strategy (n)

DuQ

stab (v)

DuS

torpedo tube (n)

DuSaQ

school (n)

Duv

advance (v)

Duy

agent, emissary (n)

Duy'

be defective (v)

Duy'

defect (n)

Du'

farm (n)

ghagh

gargle (v)

ghaH

he, she, him, her (pro)

ghaj

have, possess (v)

ghap

or, either/or (joining nouns) (conj)

ghaq

contribute (v)[[p.86]]

ghar

conduct diplomacy (v)

ghar

diplomacy (n)

ghargh

serpent, worm (n)

gharwI'

diplomat (n)

ghatlh

dominate (v)

ghegh

be rough (v)

ghem

midnight snack (n)

ghIb

consent (v)

ghIch

nose (n)

ghIgh

necklace (n)

ghIH

be messy, sloppy (v)

ghIj

scare (v)

ghIm

exile (v)

ghIpDIj

court-martial (v)

ghIQ

vacation, take a vacation (v)

ghIr

descend (v)

ghItlh

manuscript (n)

ghItlh

write (v)

gho

circle (n)

ghob

ethics (n)

ghobe'

no (answer to a question) (excl)

ghoch

destination (n)

ghoD

stuff (v)

ghogh

voice (n)

ghoH

argue, dispute (v)

ghoj

learn (v)

ghojmoH

teach, instruct (v)

ghojwI'

student (n)

ghol

opponent, adversary (n)

ghom

group, party (n)

ghom

meet, encounter, assemble, rendez-

vous (v)

ghomHa'

scatter, disperse (v)

ghom'a'

crowd (n)

ghong

abuse (n)

ghong

abuse (v)

ghop

hand (n)

ghopDap

asteroid (n)

ghoq

spy (v)

ghoqwI'

spy (n)

ghor

break (v)[[p.87]]

ghor

surface (of a planet) (n)

ghorgh

when? (ques)

ghoS

approach, go away from, proceed,

come, follow (a course) (v)

ghoS

thrust (v)

ghot

person (humanoid) (n)

ghov

recognize (v)

gho'

step on (v)

gho'Do

sublight speed (n)

ghu

baby (n)

ghuH

alert (n)

ghuH

prepare for, be alerted to (v)

ghuHmoH

alert, warn (v)

ghum

alarm (n)

ghum

alarm, sound an alarm (v)

ghun

program (a computer) (v)

ghung

be hungry (v)

ghup

swallow (v)

ghur

increase (v)

ghuS

be prepared, ready (to launch) (v)

ghu'

situation (n)

Hab

be smooth (v)

HablI'

data transceiving device (n)

Hach

be developed (e.g., civilization) (v)

HaD

study (v)

Hagh

laugh (v)

Haj

dread (v)

Hal

source (n)

HanDogh

nacelle (n)

Hap

matter (n)

Haq

surgery (n)

HaQchor

saccharin (n)

Har

believe (v)

HaSta

visual display (n)

Hat

be illegal (v)

Hat

temperature (n)

Hatlh

country, countryside (n)

Haw'

flee, get out (v)

Hay'

duel (v)

Ha'

let's go, come on (excl)[[p.88]]

Ha'DIbaH

animal (n)

He

course, route (n)

Hech

intend, mean to (v)

HeD

retreat (v)

HeDon

parallel course (n)

Hegh

die (v)

HeghmoH

be fatal (v)

HeH

edge (n)

Hej

rob (v)

Hem

be proud (v)

HeQ

comply (v)

Hergh

medicine (n)

HeS

commit a crime (v)

HeS

crime (n)

HeSwI'

criminal (n)

Hev

receive (v)

He'

smell, emit odor (v)

He'So'

stink (v)

HIch

handgun (n)

HIchDal

airlock (n)

HIDjolev

menu (n)

HIgh

fight dirty (v)

HIja'

yes, true (answer to yes/no question)

(excl)

HIp

uniform (n)

HIq

liquor (n)

HISlaH

yes, true (answer to yes/no question)

(excl)

HIv

attack (v)

HIvje'

glass (tumbler) (n)

HI'

dictator (n)

HI'tuy

dictatorship (n)

Hob

yawn (v)

Hoch

everyone, all, everything (n)

HoD

captain (n)

Hogh

week (Klingon) (n)

HoH

kill (v)

HoH'egh

commit suicide (v)

Hoj

be cautious (v)

Hol

language (n)

Hom

bone (n)[[p.89]]

Hon

doubt (v)

Hong

impulse power (n)

Hop

be remote, far (v)

Hoq

expedition (n)

Hoqra'

tricorder (n)

HoS

be strong (v)

HoS

strength, energy, power (n)

HoSchem

energy field (n)

HoSDo'

energy beings (n)

HoSghaj

be powerful (v)

Hot

touch, feel (v)

Hotlh

project, put on (screen) (v)

Hotlh

scan (v)

HotlhwI'

scanner (n)

Hov

star (n)

Hovtay'

star system (n)

Hoy'

congratulate (v)

Ho'

admire (v)

Ho'

tooth (n)

Ho''oy'

toothache (n)

Hu

zoo (n)

Hub

defend (v)

Hub

defense (n)

Huch

money (n)

HuD

mountain, hill (n)

Hugh

throat (n)

Huj

be strange (v)

Huj

charge (up) (v)

Hum

be sticky (v)

Human

human (n)

Hung

security (n)

Hup

punish (v)

Huq

transact (v)

Hur

outside (n)

Hurgh

be dark (v)

Hurgh

pickle (cucumber) (n)

HuS

hang (v)

Hut

nine (num)

HutDIch

ninth (num)

Huv

be clear, not obstructed (v)

Huy'

eyebrow (n)[[p.90]]

Hu'

days ago (n)

Hu'

get up (v)

jab

serve (food) (v)

jabbI'ID

data transmission (n)

jach

scream, cry out, shout, yell (v)

jagh

enemy (n)

jaH

go (v)

jaj

day (from dawn to dawn) (n)

jajlo'

dawn (n)

jan

device (n)

jang

answer, reply (v)

jaq

be bold (v)

jar

month (Klingon) (n)

jat

tongue (n)

jatlh

say (v)

jav

six (num)

javDIch

sixth (num)

jaw

chat (v)

jaw

lord (n)

ja'

tell, report (v)

ja'chuq

discuss, confer (v)

je

also, and (joining nouns) (conj)

jech

disguise (v)

jegh

surrender, give up (v)

jeH

be absentminded (v)

jej

be sharp (v)

jen

be high (v)

jeQ

be self-confident (v)

jeS

participate (v)

jev

storm (v)

jey

defeat (v)

je'

buy, purchase (v)

je'

feed (someone else) (v)

jIb

hair (on head) (n)

jIH

I, me (pro)

jIH

viewing screen (n)

jIj

cooperate (v)

jIl

neighbor (n)

jInmol

project (n)

jIp

penalty (n)[[p.91]]

jIv

be ignorant (v)

jo

resources (n)

joch

be harmful (v)

joD

stoop (v)

joH

lord (n)

joj

area between (n)

jojlu'

consul (n)

jol

beam (aboard) (v)

jol

transport beam (n)

jolpa'

transport room (n)

jolvoy'

transporter ionizer unit (n)

jon

capture (v)

jonta'

engine (n)

jonwI'

engineer (n)

joq

flap, flutter, wave (v)

joq

or, and/or (joining nouns) (conj)

joqwI'

flag (n)

jor

explode (v)

jorwI'

explosive (n)

joS

gossip (v)

joS

rumor, gossip (n)

jot

be calm (v)

jotHa'

be uneasy (v)

jotlh

take down (v)

joy'

torture (v)

jo'

machinery (n)

jub

be immortal (v)

jubbe'

be mortal (v)

juH

home (n)

jum

be odd (v)

jun

evade, take evasive action (v)

jup

friend (n)

juS

overtake, pass (v)

juv

measure (v)

lab

transmit data (away from a place) (v)

lach

exaggerate (v)

laD

read (v)

laH

ability (n)

laj

accept (v)

laj

acceptance (n)[[p.92]]

lalDan

religion (n)

lam

be dirty (v)

lam

dirt (n)

lan

place (v)

lang

be thin (v)

laQ

fire, energize (e.g., thrusters) (v)

largh

smell, sense odors (v)

laSvargh

factory (n)

law'

be many (v)

lay'

promise (v)

la'

commander (n)

legh

see (v)

leH

maintain (v)

leH

maintenance (n)

lel

get out, take out (v)

leng

roam, travel, rove (v)

leng

trip, voyage (n)

lengwI'

rover (grammatical term) (n)

leQ

switch (n)

leS

days from now (n)

leS

rest, relax (v)

leSpoH

shore leave (n)

let

be hard (like a rock) (v)

le'

be special, exceptional (v)

lIgh

ride (v)

lIH

introduce (v)

lIj

forget (v)

lIm

panic (v)

lInDab

espionage (n)

lIng

produce (v)

lIq

round up (v)

lIS

adjust (v)

lIy

comet (n)

lI'

be useful (v)

lI'

transmit data (to a place) (v)

lob

obey (v)

lobHa'

disobey (v)

loch

mustache (n)

loD

male, man (n)

loDHom

boy (n)

loDnal

husband (n)[[p.93]]

loDnI'

brother (n)

logh

space (n)

loH

administer (v)

loH

administration (n)

loj

be all gone (v)

lojmIt

door, gate (n)

lolSeHcha

attitude-control thrusters (n)

lom

corpse (n)

lon

abandon (v)

lop

celebrate (v)

loQ

slightly, a little bit (adv)

loS

four (num)

loS

wait (for) (v)

loSDIch

fourth (num)

loSpev

quadrotriticale (n)

lot

catastrophe (n)

lotlh

rebel (v)

lotlhwI'

rebel (n)

loy

guess (v)

lo'

use (v)

lo'laH

be valuable (v)

lo'laHbe'

be worthless (v)

luch

equipment, gear (n)

lugh

be right, correct (v)

luH

yank (v)

luj

fail (v)

lulIgh

refuge (n)

lum

postpone, procrastinate (v)

lup

second (of time) (n)

lup

transport (v)

luq

yes, okay, I will (excl)

lur

pupil (of eye) (n)

lurDech

tradition (n)

lut

story (n)

lutlh

be primitive (v)

lu'

yes, okay, I will (excl)

mab

treaty (n)

mach

be small (v)

magh

betray (v)

maghwI'

traitor (n)[[p.94]]

maH

ten (number-forming element) (num)

maH

we, us (pro)

maj

good (expressing satisfaction) (excl)

majQa'

well done, very good (excl)

malja'

business (n)

mang

soldier (n)

mangghom

army (n)

maq

proclaim (v)

maS

moon (n)

maS

prefer (v)

maSwov

moonlight (n)

matHa'

gunner (n)

mavjop

paper clip (n)

maw

offend (v)

maw'

be crazy (v)

may

be fair (v)

may'

battle (n)

may'Duj

battle cruiser (n)

may'morgh

battle array (n)

ma'

accommodate (v)

meb

guest (n)

mech

trade (v)

megh

lunch (n)

meH

bridge (of a ship) (n)

mem

catalog (n)

mep

plastic (n)

meq

reason (n)

meq

reason (v)

meQ

burn (v)

mer

surprise (v)

mev

stop, cease (v)

mIch

sector, zone (n)

mID

colony (n)

mIgh

be evil (v)

mIm

delay (v)

mIn

eye (n)

mIp

be rich (v)

mIqta'

machinery (n)

mIr

chain (n)

mIS

be confused, mixed up (v)

mIS

confusion (n)[[p.95]]

mISmoH

confuse (v)

mIv

helmet (n)

mIy

brag (v)

mI'

number (n)

mob

be alone (v)

moch

superior (n)

moD

hurry (v)

mogh

be frustrated (v)

moH

be ugly (v)

moHaq

prefix (n)

moj

become (v)

mojaq

suffix (n)

mol

bury (v)

mol

grave (n)

mon

capital (of a place) (n)

mong

neck (n)

mongDech

collar (n)

mop

robe (n)

moQ

sphere (n)

moS

compromise (v)

motlh

be usual (v)

motlhbe'

be unusual (v)

moy'bI'

slingshot (n)

mo'

cage (n)

mub

be legal (v)

much

present (v)

much

presentation (n)

muD

atmosphere (n)

mugh

translate (v)

mughato'

mugato (n)

mughwI'

translator (n)

muH

execute, put to death (v)

muj

be wrong (v)

mul

be stubborn (v)

mung

origin (n)

mup

impact, strike (v)

muS

hate, detest (v)

mut

be selfish (v)

mut

species (n)

muv

join (v)

mu'

word (n)[[p.96]]

mu'ghom

dictionary (n)

mu'tay'

vocabulary (n)

mu'tlhegh

sentence (n)

nab

plan (v)

nach

head (n)

naDev

here, hereabouts (n)

nagh

rock, stone (n)

naj

dream (v)

nap

be simple (v)

nargh

appear (v)

naS

be vicious (v)

nav

paper (n)

nawlogh

squadron (n)

naw'

access (v)

nay

marry (wife does this) (v)

nay'

course, dish (at a meal) (n)

nech

be lateral, move laterally (v)

negh

soldiers (n)

neH

only, merely, just (adv)

neH

want (v)

neHmaH

neutral zone (n)

nej

look for, seek, search for (v)

nem

years from now (n)

nep

lie, fib (v)

net

that (previous topic) (pro)

netlh

ten thousand (num)

ne'

yeoman (n)

nIb

be identical (v)

nIch

ammunition (n)

nID

attempt, try (v)

nIH

right (side) (n)

nIH

steal (v)

nIHwI'

thief (n)

nIj

leak (v)

nIn

fuel (n)

nIQ

breakfast (n)

nIS

hinder, interfere (v)

nItlh

finger (n)

nIv

be superior (v)[[p.97]]

nIvnav

pajamas (n)

nI'

be long, lengthy (duration) (v)

nob

gift (n)

nob

give (v)

noch

sensor (n)

noD

retaliate (v)

nogh

writhe (v)

noH

judge, estimate (v)

noj

lend (v)

nol

funeral (n)

nom

fast, quickly (adv)

non

be rotten (v)

nong

be passionate (v)

nop

omit (v)

noSvagh

deodorant (n)

not

never (adv)

nov

alien, foreigner (n)

nov

be foreign, alien (v)

noy

be famous, well known (v)

no'

ancestors (n)

nub

be suspect (v)

nubwI'

predecessor (n)

nuch

coward (n)

nuD

examine (v)

nugh

society (n)

nuH

weapon (n)

nuHHom

small arms (n)

nuj

mouth (n)

num

promote (v)

nung

precede (v)

nup

decrease (v)

nural

Neural (n)

nuralngan

Neuralese (n)

nuq

what? (ques)

nuqDaq

where? (ques)

nuqneH

what do you want? (greeting) (excl)

nuQ

annoy, bother (v)

nur

dignity (n)

nuS

ridicule (v)

nuv

person (humanoid) (n)[[p.98]]

ngab

disappear, vanish (v)

ngach

debate (v)

ngan

inhabitant (n)

ngaq

support (military term) (n)

ngaS

contain (have inside) (v)

ngat

gunpowder (n)

ngav

writer's cramp (n)

ngeb

be counterfeit, false, fake (v)

ngech

valley (n)

ngeD

be easy (v)

ngeH

send (v)

ngej

infect (v)

ngem

forest, woods (n)

ngeng

lake (n)

ngep

override (v)

nger

theory (n)

ngev

sell (v)

nge'

take away (v)

ngIl

dare (v)

ngIm

be putrid (v)

ngIp

borrow (v)

ngIv

patrol (v)

ngoD

fact (n)

ngoH

smear (v)

ngoj

be restless (v)

ngong

experiment (n)

ngong

experiment (v)

ngoq

code (n)

ngoQ

goal (n)

ngor

cheat (v)

ngoS

dissolve (v)

ngotlh

be fanatical (v)

ngoy'

be responsible (v)

ngo'

be old (not new) (v)

ngup

cape (clothing) (n)

ngu'

identify (v)

pab

follow (rules) (v)

pab

grammar (n)

pagh

nothing, none (n)[[p.99]]

pagh

or, either/or (joining sentences) (conj)

pagh

zero (num)

paH

gown (n)

paj

resign (v)

paq

book (n)

paQDI'norgh

teachings (n)

par

dislike (v)

parHa'

like (v)

paSlogh

socks (n)

pat

system (n)

pav

be urgent (v)

paw

arrive (v)

paw'

collide (v)

pay

regret (v)

pay'

suddenly (adv)

pa'

room (n)

pa'

there, over there, thereabouts (n)

peD

snow (v)

pegh

keep something secret (v)

pegh

secret (n)

pej

demolish (v)

pem

daytime (n)

pemjep

midday (n)

peng

torpedo (n)

pep

raise (v)

per

label (n)

per

label (v)

pey

acid (n)

pe'

cut (v)

pIch

blame (v)

pIch

fault, blame (n)

pIgh

ruins (n)

pIH

expect (v)

pIH

be suspicious (v)

pIj

often (adv)

pIm

be different (v)

pIn

boss (n)

pIp

spine (n)

pIqaD

Klingon writing system (n)

pItlh

done (excl)[[p.100]]

pIv

be healthy (v)

pIvghor

warp drive (n)

pIvlob

warp factor (n)[TKD K-E]

pI'

be fat (v)

po

morning (n)

pob

hair (on body) (n)

poch

plant (v)

poD

be clipped (v)

pogh

glove (n)

poH

period of time (n)

poH

time (v)

poj

analysis (n)

poj

analyze (v)

pol

keep, save (v)

pom

dysentery (n)

pon

persuade, convince (v)

pong

name (n)

pong

name, call (v)

poq

indigestion (n)

poQ

demand, require (v)

porgh

body (n)

poS

be open, opened (v)

poS

left (side) (n)

poSmoH

open (v)

potlh

consequential thing, something

important (n)

pov

afternoon (n)

pov

be excellent (v)

po'

be expert, skilled (v)

pub

boil (v)

puch

toilet (n)

puchpa'

washroom (n)

pugh

dregs (n)

puH

land (n)

puj

be weak (v)

pujmoH

weaken (v)

pujwI'

weakling (n)

pum

accusation (n)

pum

accuse (v)

pum

fall (v)

pung

mercy (n)[[p.101]]

pup

be perfect, exact (v)

pup

kick (v)

puq

child, offspring (n)

puqbe'

daughter (n)

puqloD

son (n)

puQ

be fed up (v)

puS

be few, be several, be a handful (v)

puS

sight (with gunsight) (v)

puv

fly (v)

puy

wreck (v)

puyjaq

nova (n)

pu'

phaser (n)

pu'beH

phaser rifle (n)

pu'beq

phaser crew (n)

pu'DaH

phaser banks (n)

pu'HIch

phaser pistol (n)

qab

be bad (v)

qab

face (n)

qach

building, structure (n)

qagh

interrupt (v)

qaH

sir (n)

qal

be corrupt (v)

qalmoH

corrupt (v)

qam

foot (n)

qama'

prisoner (n)

qan

be old (not young) (v)

qap

insist (v)

qaS

occur, happen (v)

qat

wrap (v)

qatlh

why? (ques)

qaw

remember (v)

qawHaq

memory banks (n)

qawmoH

remind (v)

qay'

be a problem, be a hassle (v)

qa'vam

Genesis (n)

qech

idea (n)

qeD

vacate (v)

qeH

resent (v)

qej

be grouchy, mean (v)

qelI'qam

kellicam (n)[[p.102]]

qem

bring (v)

qempa'

ancestor (n)

qeng

carry, convey (v)

qep

meeting (n)

qeq

drill (military) (n)

qeq

practice, train, prepare (v)

qeS

advice (n)

qeS

advise (v)

qet

run, jog (v)

qetlh

be dull, uninteresting (v)

qev

crowd (v)

qevaS

kevas (n)

qevpob

cheek (n)

qIb

galaxy (n)

qIbHeS

galactic rim (n)

qIch

condemn (v)

qIgh

shortcut (n)

qIH

meet (for the first time) (v)

qIj

be black (v)

qIl

cancel (v)

qIm

pay attention, concentrate (v)

qImHa'

disregard (v)

qIp

hit (with hand, fist, implement) (v)

qIQ

mutiny (v)

qIv

knee (n)

qI'

sign (a treaty) (v)

qoch

partner (n)

qogh

belt (n)

qoH

fool (n)

qoj

cliff (n)

qoj

or, and/or (joining sentences) (conj)

qon

record (v)

qop

arrest (v)

qoq

robot (n)

qor

scavenge (v)

qorDu'

family (n)

qotlh

tickle (v)

qoS

birthday (n)

qoy'

plead, beg (v)

qub

be rare (v)

quch

kidnap (v)[[p.103]]

qugh

cruise (v)

quHvaj

dandruff (n)

qul

fire (n)

qum

govern (v)

qum

government (n)

qun

history (n)

qun

scold (v)

qup

elder (n)

quprIp

Council of Elders (n)

quq

happen simultaneously (v)

qur

be greedy (v)

quS

chair (n)

qut

crystal (geologic formation) (n)

qu'

be fierce (v)

Qab

theragen (n)

QaD

be dry (v)

Qagh

error, mistake (n)

Qagh

err, be mistaken, make a mistake (v)

QaH

help, aid (v)

Qam

stand (v)

Qan

protect (v)

Qap

work, function, succeed (v)

Qapla'

success (n)

QaQ

be good (v)

Qargh

fissure (n)

QaS

troops (n)

Qat

be popular (v)

Qatlh

be difficult (v)

Qav

be final, last (v)

Qaw'

destroy (n)[[(n)=>(v)]]

Qay

transfer (v)

Qay'

blow one's top (v)

Qa'

type of animal (n)

Qeb

ring (for finger) (n)

QeD

science (n)

QeDpIn

science officer (n)

QeH

anger (n)

QeH

be angry, mad (v)

Qel

doctor, physician (n)

Qey

be tight (v)

QeyHa'

be loose (v)[[p.104]]

QeyHa'moH

loosen (v)

QeymoH

tighten (v)

Qe'

restaurant (n)

QIghpej

Klingon agonizer (n)

QIb

shadow (n)

QIch

speech (vocal sounds) (n)

QID

wound (v)

QIH

damage, cause damage (v)

QIH

damage, destruction (n)

QIj

explain (v)

QIp

be stupid (v)

QIt

slowly (adv)

QIv

be inferior (v)

QI'

military (n)

Qob

be dangerous (v)

Qob

danger (n)

Qoch

disagree (v)

Qochbe'

agree (v)

QoD

maneuver (engines) (v)

Qogh

type of animal (n)

Qoj

make war (v)

Qom

experience an earthquake or tremor (v)

QonoS

journal, log (n)

Qong

sleep (v)

Qop

be worn out (v)

QopmoH

wear out (v)

Qorgh

take care of, care for (v)

QoS

be sorry (v)

Qot

lie, recline (v)

Qotlh

disable (v)

Qoy

hear (v)

Qo'

no, I won't, I refuse (excl)

Qub

think (v)

Quch

be happy (v)

Quch

forehead (n)

QuchHa'

be unhappy (v)

QuD

insurrection (n)

Qugh

disaster (n)

Quj

game (n)

Quj

play a game (v)

Qul

research (v)[[p.105]]

Qum

communicate (v)

QumpIn

communications officer (n)

QumwI'

communicator, communications

device (n)

Qup

be young (v)

QuQ

engine (n)

QuS

conspiracy (n)

QuS

conspire (v)

Qut

be vulgar (v)

Quv

coordinates (n)

Qu'

duty, quest, mission, task, chore (n)

raD

force, compel (v)

ragh

decay (v)

ral

be violent (v)

ram

be trivial, trifling, unimportant (v)

ram

night (n)

ramjep

midnight (n)

rap

be the same (v)

rar

connect (v)

raQ

camp (military term) (n)

raQpo'

passenger (n)

ratlh

remain (v)

rav

floor (n)

ray'

targets (n)

ra'

order, command (v)

ra'wI'

commander (n)

reghuluS

Regulus (n)

reghuluSngan

Regulan (n)

reghuluS

'Iwghargh

Regulan bloodworm (n)

reH

always (adv)

reH

play (v)

rejmorgh

worrywart (n)[TKD K-E]

rep

hour (n)

retlh

area beside, area next to (n)

rewbe'

citizen (n)

rIgh

be lame (v)

rIH

energize (v)

rIHwI'

energizer (n)

rIn

be accomplished, finished (v)[[p.106]]

rIp

council, assembly (n)[TKD K-E]

rIQ

be injured (v)

rIQmoH

injure (v)

rIvSo'

embassy (n)

rIymuS

Remus (n)

ro

trunk (of body) (n)

roghvaH

population (n)

roj

make peace (v)

roj

peace (n)

rojHom

truce (n)

rojmab

peace treaty (n)

rol

beard (n)

rom

accord (n)

romuluS

Romulus (n)

romuluSngan

Romulan (n)

rop

be sick, ill (v)

rop

disease (n)

ropyaH

infirmary (n)

roQ

put down (v)

ror

be fat (v)

rotlh

be tough (v)

ro'

fist (n)

rugh

antimatter (n)

ruQ

control manually, by hand (v)

rup

fine, tax (v)

rur

resemble (v)

rut

sometimes (adv)

ruv

justice (n)

ru'

be temporary (v)

Sab

decline, deteriorate (v)

Sach

expand (v)

SaD

thousand (num)

Sagh

be serious (v)

SaH

be present (not absent) (v)

SaH

care (about), be concerned (about) (v)

Saj

pet (n)

Sal

ascend (v)

San

fate (n)

SanID

thousand (num)

Sang

obliterate (v)[[p.107]]

Sap

volunteer (v)

Saq

land (v)

Saqghom

landing party (n)

SaQ

cry (v)

Sar

be varied, various (v)

Sar

variety (n)

Satlh

agriculture (n)

SaS

be horizontal (v)

Saw

marry (husband does this) (v)

Say'

be clean (v)

Sa'

general (rank) (n)

Segh

race (type, sort, class) (n)

SeH

control (v)

SeHlaw

control panel (n)

Seng

cause trouble (v)

Seng

trouble (n)

Sep

breed (v)

Sep

region (n)

Seq

fault (seismic) (n)

Ser

progress (n)

SermanyuQ

Sherman's Planet (n)

SeS

steam (n)

Sev

bandage (n)

Sev

contain (an enemy) (v)

Sey

be excited (v)

SeymoH

excite (v)

Se'

frequency (radio) (n)

SIbDoH

satellite (n)

SIch

reach (v)

SID

patient (n)

SIgh

influence (v)

SIH

bend (v)

SIj

slit (v)

SIm

calculate (v)

SIp

gas (n)

SIQ

endure, bear (v)

SIS

rain (v)

SIv

wonder (v)

Soch

seven (num)

SochDIch

seventh (num)

SoD

flood (n)[[p.108]]

SoD

flood (v)

SoH

you (pro)

Sol

quarrel (v)

Som

hull (n)

Somraw

muscle (n)

Son

relieve (v)

Sop

eat (v)

SoQ

be closed, shut (v)

SoQ

speech, lecture, address (n)

SoQmoH

close, shut (v)

Sor

tree (n)

Sorgh

sabotage (v)

SoS

mother (n)

SoSnI'

grandmother (n)

Sot

be distressed, be in distress (v)

Sotlaw'

distress call (n)

Sov

know (v)

Soy'

be clumsy (v)

So'

hide, cloak (v)

So'wI'

cloaking device (n)

Sub

be solid (v)

Such

visit (v)

SuD

be green, blue, yellow (v)

SuH

ready, standing by (excl)

Suj

disturb (v)

Sun

discipline (n)

Sung

native (n)

Sup

jump (v)

Sup

resource (n)

Suq

acquire, obtain, get (v)

SuQ

be toxic (v)

Surchem

force field (n)

Surgh

skin (v)

SuS

wind, breeze (n)

Sut

clothing (n)

Sutlh

negotiate (v)

Suv

fight (v)

Suy

merchant (n)

SuyDuj

merchant ship (n)

Su'

ready, standing by (excl)[[p.109]]

ta

record (n)

tach

bar, saloon, cocktail lounge (n)

taD

be frozen (v)

taDmoH

freeze (v)

taH

be at a negative angle (v)

taj

knife, dagger (n)

tam

be quiet (v)

tam

exchange, substitute (v)

tammoH

silence (v)

taQ

be weird (v)

taQbang

exhaust (n)

tar

poison (n)

taS

solution (liquid) (n)

tat

ion (n)

tay

be civilized (v)

taymoH

civilize (v)

tayqeq

civilization (n)

tay'

be together (v)

ta'

accomplish (v)

ta'

accomplishment (n)

ta'

emperor (n)

teb

fill (v)

teblaw'

jurisdiction (n)

teH

be true (v)

tej

scientist (n)

tel

wing (n)

telun Hovtay'

Tellun Star System (n)

tem

deny (v)

ten

embark (v)

tengchaH

space station (n)

tep

cargo (n)

tepqengwI'

cargo carrier (n)

teq

remove, take off (v)

tera'

Earth (n)

tera'ngan

Terran, Earther (n)

tet

melt (v)

tev

prize (n)

tey'

confide (v)

tI

vegetation (n)

tIch

insult (v)[[p.110]]

tIgh

custom (n)

tIH

ray (n)

tIj

board, go aboard (v)

tIn

be big (v)

tIq

be long, lengthy (of an object) (v)

tIq

heart (n)

tIQ

be ancient (v)

tIr

grain (n)

tIS

be light (weight) (v)

tIv

enjoy (v)

tI'

fix, repair (v)

tob

prove (v)

toch

palm (of hand) (n)

toD

save, rescue (v)

togh

count (v)

toH

so, well (excl)

toj

deceive, trick (v)

tongDuj

freighter (n)

toplIn

topaline (n)

toq

be inhabited (v)

tor

kneel (v)

toS

climb (v)

toy'

serve (a master) (v)

toy'wI'

servant (n)

to'

tactics (n)

tuch

forbid (v)

tugh

soon (adv)

tuH

be ashamed (v)

tuH

maneuver (military term) (n)

tuHmoH

shame (v)

tuj

be hot (v)

tuj

heat (n)

tul

hope (v)

tum

agency (n)

tun

be soft (v)

tung

discourage (v)

tungHa'

encourage (v)

tup

minute (of time) (n)

tuQ

wear (clothes) (v)

tuQDoq

mind sifter (Klingon psychic probe) (n)

tuQHa'moH

undress (v)[[p.111]]

tuQmoH

put on (clothes) (v)

tut

column (n)

tuv

be patient (v)

tu'

discover, find, observe, notice (v)

tlhab

be free, independent (v)

tlhab

freedom, independence (n)

tlhap

take (v)

tlhaq

chronometer (n)

tlhaQ

be funny (v)

tlha'

chase, follow (v)

tlheD

depart (v)

tlhegh

line, rope (n)

tlhej

accompany (v)

tlhetlh

progress (v)

tlhe'

turn (v)

tlhIb

be incompetent (v)

tlhIch

smoke (n)

tlhIH

you (plural) (pro)

tlhIl

mine (v)

tlhIl

mineral (n)

tlhIlwI'

miner (n)

tlhIngan

Klingon (n)

tlhIngan wo'

Klingon Empire (n)

tlhIv

be insubordinate (v)

tlhob

ask (v)

tlhoch

contradict (v)

tlhogh

marriage (n)

tlhoj

realize (v)

tlhol

be raw, unprocessed (v)

tlhon

nostril (n)

tlhong

barter, bargain (v)

tlhoQ

conglomeration (n)

tlhov

wheeze (v)

tlhuch

exhaust (v)

tlhuH

breath (n)

tlhuH

breathe (v)

tlhup

whisper (v)

tlhutlh

drink (v)

tlhu'

be tempted (v)

tlhu'moH

tempt (v)[[p.112]]

vagh

five (num)

vaghDIch

fifth (num)

vaH

holster (n)

vaj

so, then, thus, in that case (adv)

val

be clever, smart, intelligent (v)

van

salute (v)

vang

act, take action (v)

vaQ

be aggressive (v)

vatlh

hundred (num)

vatlhvI'

percent (n)

vav

father (n)

vavnI'

grandfather (n)

vay'

somebody, something, anybody,

anything (n)

veH

boundary (n)

vem

wake up, cease sleeping (v)

vemmoH

wake (someone) up (v)

veng

city (n)

vengHom

village (n)

veQ

garbage (n)

veQDuj

garbage scow (n)

vergh

dock (n)

vergh

dock (v)

veS

war (n)

vetlh

cockroach (n)

vIj

thruster (n)

vIng

whine (v)

vIt

tell the truth (v)

vI'

accumulate (v)

voDleH

emperor (n)

vogh

somewhere (n)

voHDajbo'

ransom (n)

volchaH

shoulder (n)

vong

hypnotize (v)

voq

trust, have faith in (v)

voqHa'

distrust (v)

voQ

choke (v)

vor

cure (v)

vo'

propel (v)

vub

hostage (n)

vuD

opinion (n)[[p.113]]

vul

be unconscious (v)

vulqan

Vulcan (planet) (n)

vulqangan

Vulcan (person) (n)

vum

work, toil (v)

vup

pity (v)

vuQ

fascinate (v)

vuS

limit (v)

vut

cook (v)

vutpa'

galley (n)

vuv

respect (v)

vu'

manage (v)

vu'wI'

manager (n)

wam

hunt (v)

wanI'

phenomenon, event, occurrence (n)

waq

shoe (n)

waQ

obstruct (v)

watlh

be pure (v)

wav

divide (v)

waw'

base (military term) (n)

wa'

one (num)

wa'DIch

first (num)

wa'Hu'

yesterday (n)

wa'leS

tomorrow (n)

wa'logh

once (adv)

wa'maH

ten (num)

wa'maHDIch

tenth (num)

web

be disgraced (v)

wegh

confine (v)

weH

raid (v)

wej

not yet (adv)

wej

three (num)

wejDIch

third (num)

wejpuH

charming (used only ironically) (excl)

wem

violate (v)

wem

violation (n)

wep

jacket, coat (n)

wew

glow (v)

wIb

be sour (v)

wIch

myth (n)

wIgh

genius (n)[[p.114]]

wIH

be ruthless (v)

wIj

farm (v)

wIv

choice (n)

wIv

choose, select (v)

wIy

tactical display (n)

woD

throw away (v)

woH

pick up (v)

woQ

authority, political power (n)

woS

chin (n)

wot

verb (n)

wov

be light, bright (v)

wo'

empire (n)

wuq

decide (v)

wuQ

have a headache (v)

wuS

lip (n)

wutlh

underground (n)

wuv

depend on, rely on (v)

ya

tactical officer (n)

yab

mind, brain (n)

yach

pet, stroke (v)

yaD

toe (n)

yaH

duty station, station (n)

yaj

understand (v)

yajHa'

misinterpret (v)

yap

be enough, sufficient (v)

yaS

officer (n)

yav

ground (n)

yay

victory, triumph (n)

yay'

be shocked, dumbfounded (v)

yej

assembly, council (n)

yem

sin (v)

yep

be careful (v)

yepHa'

be careless (v)

yev

pause (v)

yIb

vent (n)

yIH

tribble (n)

yIn

life (n)

yIn

live (v)

yInroH

life signs (n)

yIntagh

life-support system (n)[[p.115]]

yIQ

be wet (v)

yIt

walk (v)

yIv

chew (v)

yIvbeH

tunic (n)

yob

harvest (v)

yoD

shield (n)

yoD

shield (v)

yoH

be brave (v)

yoj

judgment (n)

yol

conflict (n)

yon

be satisfied (v)

yonmoH

satisfy (v)

yong

get in (v)

yopwaH

pants (n)

yoq

humanoid (n)

yoS

district, area (n)

yot

invade (v)

yot

invasion (n)

yotlh

field (of land) (n)

yov

charge (military term) (v)

yoy

be upside down (v)

yo'

fleet (of ships) (n)

yuch

chocolate (n)

yuD

be dishonest (v)

yuDHa'

be honest (v)

yupma'

festival (n)

yuQ

planet (n)

yuQHom

planetoid (n)

yuQjIjQa'

United Federation of Planets (n)

yuv

push (v)

yu'

question, interrogate (v)

yu'egh

wave (n)

'a

but, nevertheless, even so, however

(conj)

'ach

but, nevertheless, even so, however

(conj)

'aD

vein (n)

'ang

show, reveal (v)

'ar

how many? how much? (ques)

'argh

worsen (v)[[p.116]]

'av

guard (v)

'avwI'

guard (n)

'aw'

sting (v)

'ay'

section (n)

'eb

opportunity (n)

'eH

ready (excl)

'ej

and (joining sentences) (conj)

'ejDo'

starship, starship class (n)

'ejyo'

Starfleet (n)

'ejyo'waw'

star base (n)

'el

enter, go in (v)

'elaS

Elas (n)

'eng

cloud (n)

'er

type of animal (n)

'et

fore (n)

'etlh

sword (n)

'e'

that (previous topic) (pro)

'IH

be beautiful, handsome (v)

'Ij

listen (v)

'Il

be sincere (v)

'Ip

oath (n)

'Ip

vow, swear (v)

'IQ

be sad (v)

'ISjaH

calendar (n)

'It

be depressed (v)

'Itlh

be advanced, highly developed (v)

'Iv

altitude (n)

'Iv

who? (ques)

'Iw

blood (n)

'och

tunnel (n)

'ogh

invent, devise (v)

'oH

it (pro)

'oj

be thirsty (v)

'ol

verify (v)

'ong

be cunning, sly (v)

'orghen

Organia (n)

'orghen rojmab

Organian Peace Treaty (n)

'orghengan

Organian (n)

'oS

represent (v)

'oSwI'

emissary (n)

'ov

compete (v)[[p.117]]

'oy'

ache, hurt, be sore (v)

'oy'

ache, pain, sore (n)

'o'

aft (n)

'ugh

be heavy (v)

'uH

have a hangover, be hung over (v)

'um

be qualified (v)

'uQ

dinner (n)

'urmang

treason (n)

'uS

leg (n)

'ut

be essential, necessary (v)

'utlh

officer (n)

'uy

press down (v)

'uy'

million (num)

'u'

universe (n)[[p.118]]

ENGLISH-KLINGON

abandon (v)

lon

ability (n)

laH

area, area above (n)

Dung

absent, be absent (v)

Dach

absentminded, be absent-

jeH

minded (v)

abuse (n)

ghong

abuse (v)

ghong

accelerate (v)

chung

accept (v)

laj

acceptance (n)

laj

access (n)

naw'

accidentally, by accident (adv)

bong

accommodate (v)

ma'

accompany (n)

tlhej[[(n)=>(v)]]

accomplish (v)

ta'

accomplished, be accomplished,

rIn

finished (v)

accomplishment (n)

ta'

accord (n)

rom

accumulate (v)

vI'

accusation (n)

pum

accuse (v)

pum

ache (n)

'oy'[[p.119]]

ache (v)

'oy'

achieve (v)

chav

achievement (n)

chav

acid (n)

pey

acquire (v)

Suq

act, take action (v)

vang

activate (a device) (v)

chu'

add (v)

chel

address, speech, lecture (n)

SoQ

adjust (v)

lIS

administer (v)

loH

administration (n)

loH

admire (v)

Ho'

admit (v)

chID

advance (v)

Duv

advanced, be advanced,

'Itlh

highly developed (v)

adversary (n)

ghol

advice (n)

qeS

advise (v)

qeS

aft (n)

'o'

afternoon (n)

pov

agency (n)

tum

agent (n)

Duy

aggressive, be aggressive (v)

vaQ

agonizer, Klingon agonizer (n)

QIghpej

agony (n)

bep

agree (v)

Qochbe'

agriculture (n)

Satlh

aid (v)

QaH

aide (n)

boQ

aide-de-camp (n)

boQDu'

airlock (n)

HIchDal

alarm (n)

ghum

alarm, sound an alarm (v)

ghum

alert (n)

ghuH

alert (v)

ghuHmoH

alerted, be alerted to (v)

ghuH

alien (n)

nov

all (n)

Hoch[[p.120]]

all gone, be all gone (v)

loj

alliance (n)

boq

allow (v)

chaw'

alone, be alone (v)

mob

also (conj)

je

alter (v)

choH

altitude (n)

'Iv

always (adv)

reH

ammunition (n)

nIch

analysis (n)

poj

analyze (v)

poj

ancestor (n)

qempa'

ancestors (n)

no'

ancient, be ancient (v)

tIQ

and (joining nouns) (conj)

je

and (joining sentences) (conj)

'ej

anger (n)

QeH

angry, be angry (v)

QeH

animal (n)

Ha'DIbaH

animal: different types

'er, Qogh, Qa'

of animals (n)

annoy (v)

nuQ

answer (v)

jang

antimatter (n)

rugh

anyone (n)

vay'

appear (v)

nargh

approach (v)

ghoS

area, district (n)

yoS

argue (v)

ghoH

arm (body part) (n)

DeS

arms (small) (n)

nuHHom

army (n)

mangghom

arrest (v)

qop

arrive (v)

paw

ascend (v)

Sal

ashamed, be ashamed (v)

tuH

ask (v)

tlhob

assemble, meet (v)

ghom

assembly (n)

yej

assist (v)

boQ[[p.121]]

asteroid (n)

ghopDap

atmosphere (n)

muD

attack (v)

HIv

attempt (v)

nID

attention, pay attention (v)

qIm

attitude-control thrusters (n)

lolSeHcha

authority (n)

woQ

baby (n)

ghu

back (of body) (n)

Dub

back (of hand) (n)

chap

back away from, back off (v)

DoH

bad, be bad (v)

qab

bandage (n)

Sev

bar, saloon, cocktail lounge (n)

tach

bartender (n)

chom

barter (v)

tlhong

base (military term) (n)

waw'

battle (n)

may'

battle array (n)

may'morgh

battle cruiser (n)

may'Duj

beam (aboard) (v)

jol

beam, transport beam (n)

jol

bear, endure (v)

SIQ

beard (n)

rol

beautiful, be beautiful (v)

'IH

become (v)

moj

beg, plead (v)

qoy'

being (nonhumanoid) (n)

Dep

believe (v)

Har

belly (n)

chor

below, area below (n)

bIng

belt (n)

qogh

bend (v)

SIH

beside, area beside (n)

retlh

betray (v)

magh

between, area between (n)

joj

big, be big (v)

tIn

birthday (n)

qoS[[p.122]]

bite (v)

chop

black, be black (v)

qIj

blame (n)

pIch

blame (v)

pIch

block, prevent (v)

bot

blood (n)

'Iw

blow one's top (v)

Qay'

blue, be blue, green, yellow (v)

SuD

board, go aboard (v)

tIj

body (n)

porgh

boil (v)

pub

bold, be bold (v)

jaq

bone (n)

Hom

book (n)

paq

boot (n)

DaS

boot spike (n)

DaSpu'

boring, be boring (v)

Dal

born, be born (v)

bogh

borrow (v)

ngIp

boss (n)

pIn

bother (v)

nuQ

boundary (n)

veH

boy (n)

loDHom

brag (v)

mIy

brain, mind (n)

yab

brave, be brave (v)

yoH

break (v)

ghor

break (rules) (v)

bIv

breakfast (n)

nIQ

breath (n)

tlhuH

breathe (v)

tlhuH

breed (v)

Sep

breeze (n)

SuS

bridge (of a ship) (n)

meH

bright, be bright, be light (v)

wov

bring (v)

qem

brother (n)

loDnI'

build up, take form (v)

chen

building (n)

qach

burn (v)

meQ

bury (v)

mol[[p.123]]

business (n)

malja'

but (conj)

'ach, 'a

buy (v)

je'

cage (n)

mo'

calculate (v)

SIm

calendar (n)

'ISjaH

call, name (v)

pong

calm, be calm (v)

jot

camp (military term) (n)

raQ

cancel (v)

qIl

cape (clothing) (n)

ngup

capital (of a place) (n)

mon

captain (n)

HoD

capture (v)

jon

care for, take care of (v)

Qorgh

care (about), be concerned

SaH

(about) (v)

careful, be careful (v)

yep

careless, be careless (v)

yepHa'

cargo (n)

tep

cargo carrier (n)

tepqengwI'

carry (v)

qeng

catalog (n)

mem

catastrophe (n)

lot

cautious, be cautious (v)

Hoj

cave (n)

DIS

cease, stop (v)

mev

celebrate (v)

lop

center (n)

botlh

certainty (n)

DIch

chain (n)

mIr

chair (n)

quS

change (n)

choH

change (v)

choH

charge (military term) (v)

yov

charge (up) (v)

Huj

charming (used only

wejpuH

ironically) (excl)

chase, follow (v)

tlha'

chat (v)

jaw[[p.124]]

cheat (v)

ngor

cheek (n)

qevpob

chew (v)

yIv

child, offspring (n)

puq

chin (n)

woS

chocolate (n)

yuch

choice (n)

wIv

choke (v)

voQ

choose (v)

wIv

chore, task (n)

Qu'

chronometer (n)

tlhaq

circle (n)

gho

citizen (n)

rewbe'

city (n)

veng

civilization (n)

tayqeq

civilize (v)

taymoH

civilized, be civilized (v)

tay

claim (territory) (v)

DoQ

classification (n)

buv

classify (v)

buv

clean, be clean (v)

Say'

clear, be clear, not obstructed (v)

Huv

clever, be clever (v)

val

cliff (n)

qoj

climb (v)

toS

clip (v)

poDmoH

clipped, be clipped (v)

poD

cloak, hide (v)

So'

cloaking device (n)

So'wI'

close in, get closer, come nearer (v) chol close, shut (v)

SoQmoH

closed, be closed, be shut (v)

SoQ

clothing (n)

Sut

cloud (n)

'eng

clumsy, be clumsy (v)

Soy'

coat (n)

wep

cockroach (n)

vetlh

cocktail lounge, bar (n)

tach

code (n)

ngoq

cold, be cold (v)

bIr[[p.125]]

collapse (v)

Dej

collar (n)

mongDech

collect (v)

boS

collide (v)

paw'

colony (n)

mID

column (n)

tut

come (v)

ghoS

come on (excl)

Ha'

comet (n)

lIy

command (v)

ra'

commander (n)

la', ra'wI'

commit a crime (v)

HeS

communicate (v)

Qum

communications officer (n)

QumpIn

communicator, communi-

QumwI'

cations device (n)

compel (v)

raD

compete (v)

'ov

complain (v)

bep

comply (v)

HeQ

compromise (v)

moS

computer (n)

De'wI'

concentrate (v)

qIm

concentrate on, focus on,

buS

think only about (v)

concern, be concerned (about),

SaH

care (about) (v)

condemn (v)

qIch

confer (v)

ja'chuq

confess (v)

DIS

confide (v)

tey'

confine (v)

wegh

conflict (n)

yol

confuse (v)

mISmoH

confused, be confused (v)

mIS

confusion (n)

mIS

conglomeration (n)

tlhoQ

congratulate (v)

Hoy'

connect (v)

rar

conquer (v)

chargh[[p.126]]

consent (v)

ghIb

consequential thing, some-

potlh

thing important (n)

conspiracy (n)

QuS

conspire (v)

QuS

consul (n)

jojlu'

contain (an enemy) (v)

Sev

contain (have inside) (v)

ngaS

contradict (v)

tlhoch

contribute (v)

ghaq

control (v)

SeH

control panel (n)

SeHlaw

convey (v)

qeng

convince (v)

pon

cook (v)

vut

cooperate (v)

yeq

coordinates (n)

Quv

corporal (rank) (n)

Da'

corpse (n)

lom

correct, be correct (v)

lugh

corrupt (v)

qalmoH

corrupt, be corrupt (v)

qal

council (n)

yej

Council of Elders (n)

quprIp

count (v)

togh

counterfeit, be counterfeit (v)

ngeb

country, countryside (n)

Hatlh

course, dish (at a meal) (n)

nay'

course, route (n)

He

court (n)

bo'DIj

court-martial (v)

ghIpDIj

coward (n)

nuch

crazy, be crazy (v)

maw'

credit (monetary unit) (n)

DeQ

crew, crewman (n)

beq

crime (n)

HeS

criminal (n)

HeSwI'

crowd (n)

ghom'a'

crowd (v)

qev

cruise (v)

qugh[[p.127]]

cry (v)

SaQ

cry out, shout, scream (v)

jach

crystal (geologic formation) (n)

qut

cunning, be cunning (v)

'ong

cure (v)

vor

custom (n)

tIgh

cut (v)

pe'

cut, trim (hair) (v)

chIp

dagger, knife (n)

taj

damage (n)

QIH

damage, cause damage (v)

QIH

dandruff (n)

quHvaj

danger (n)

Qob

dangerous, be dangerous (v)

Qob

dare (v)

ngIl

dark, be dark (v)

Hurgh

data (n)

De'

data transceiving device (n)

HablI'

data transmission (n)

jabbI'ID

daughter (n)

puqbe'

dawn (n)

jajlo'

day (from dawn to dawn) (n)

jaj

day after tomorrow (n)

cha'leS

day before yesterday (n)

cha'Hu'

days ago (n)

Hu'

days from now (n)

leS

daytime (n)

pem

debate (v)

ngach

decay (v)

ragh

deceive (v)

toj

decide (v)

wuq

decline, deteriorate (v)

Sab

decrease (v)

nup

defeat (v)

jey

defect (n)

Duy'

defect (v)

cheH

defective, be defective (v)

Duy'

defend (v)

Hub

defense (n)

Hub[[p.128]]

deflectors (n)

begh

delay (v)

mIm

demand (v)

poQ

demolish (v)

pej

Denebia (n)

DenIbya'

Denebian (n)

DenIbya'ngan

Denebian slime devil (n)

DenIbya' Qatlh

deny (v)

tem

deodorant (n)

noSvagh

depart (v)

tlheD

depend on (v)

wuv

depressed, be depressed (v)

'It

descend (v)

ghIr

describe (v)

Del

desert (n)

Deb

desert (v)

choS

deserted, be deserted,

chIm

empty, uninhabited (v)

destination (n)

ghoch

destroy (n)

Qaw'[[(n)=>(v)]]

destruction (n)

QIH

deteriorate (v)

Sab

detest (v)

muS

developed, be developed

Hach

(e.g., civilization) (v)

device (n)

jan

devise, invent (v)

'ogh

dictator (n)

HI'

dictatorship (n)

HI'tuy

dictionary (n)

mu'ghom

die (v)

Hegh

different, be different (v)

pIm

difficult, be difficult (v)

Qatlh

dignity (n)

nur

dilithium (n)

cha'puj

dilithium crystal (n)

cha'pujqut

dinner (n)

'uQ

diplomacy (n)

ghar

diplomacy, conduct diplomacy (v)

ghar

diplomat (n)

gharwI'

dirt (n)

lam[[p.129]]

dirt under fingernails (n)

butlh

dirty, be dirty (v)

lam

disable (v)

Qotlh

disagree (v)

Qoch

disappear (v)

ngab

disaster (n)

Qugh

discipline (n)

Sun

discourage (v)

tung

discover (v)

tu'

discuss (v)

ja'chuq

disease (n)

rop

disgraced, be disgraced (v)

web

disguise (v)

jech

dish, course (food) (n)

nay'

dishonest, be dishonest (v)

yuD

dislike (v)

par

disobey (v)

lobHa'

disperse, scatter (v)

ghomHa'

display, show (picture) (v)

cha'

displeased, be displeased (v)

belHa'

dispute (v)

ghoH

disregard (v)

qImHa'

dissolve (v)

ngoS

distance, range (n)

chuq

distress call (n)

Sotlaw'

distressed, be in distress (v)

Sot

district, area (n)

yoS

distrust (v)

voqHa'

disturb (v)

Suj

divide (v)

wav

dock (n)

vergh

dock (v)

vergh

doctor, physician (n)

Qel

dominate (v)

ghatlh

done (excl)

pItlh

door, gate (n)

lojmIt

doubt (v)

Hon

dread (v)

Haj

dream (v)

naj

dregs (n)

pugh

drill (military) (n)

qeq[[p.130]]

drink (v)

tlhutlh

drool (v)

bol

drop (v)

chagh

drunk, be drunk, intoxicated (v)

chech

dry, be dry (v)

QaD

duel (v)

Hay'

dull, be dull, uninteresting (v)

qetlh

dumbfounded, be dumb-

yay'

founded, uninteresting, shocked (v)

duty (n)

Qu'

duty station, station (n)

yaH

dysentery (n)

pom

Earth (n)

tera'

Earther, Terran (n)

tera'ngan

earthquake, experience an

Qom

earthquake or tremor (v)

easy, be easy (v)

ngeD

eat (v)

Sop

eavesdrop (v)

Daq

edge (n)

HeH

eight (num)

chorgh

eighth (num)

chorghDIch

Elas (n)

'elaS

elder (n)

qup

embark (v)

ten

embassy (n)

rIvSo'

emergency (n)

chach

emissary (n)

Duy, 'oSwI'

emperor (n)

ta', voDleH

empire (n)

wo'

empty, be empty, deserted,

chIm

uninhabited (v)

encounter, meet (v)

ghom

encourage (v)

tungHa'

endure, bear (v)

SIQ

enemy (n)

jagh

energize (v)

rIH

energize, fire (e.g., thrusters) (v)

laQ

energizer (n)

rIHwI'[[p.131]]

energy beings (n)

HoSDo'

energy field (n)

HoSchem

energy, power (n)

HoS

engage, activate (a device) (v)

chu'

engine (n)

jonta', QuQ

engineer (n)

jonwI'

enjoy (v)

tIv

enough, be enough, be

yap

sufficient (v)

enter, go in (v)

'el

entity (n)

Dol

equipment, gear (n)

luch

era (n)

bov

err, make a mistake (v)

Qagh

error, mistake (n)

Qagh

escort (v)

Dor

espionage (n)

lInDab

essential, be essential,

'ut

necessary (v)

establish, set up (v)

cher

estimate, judge (v)

noH

ethics (n)

ghob

evade, take evasive action (v)

jun

even so (conj)

'ach, 'a

event, occurrence,

wanI'

phenomenon (n)

everyone, everything (n)

Hoch

everywhere (n)

Dat

evil, be evil (v)

mIgh

exact, be exact, perfect (v)

pup

exaggerate (v)

lach

examine (v)

nuD

excellent, be excellent (v)

pov

exceptional, be exceptional,

le'

special (v)

exchange, substitute (v)

tam

excite (v)

SeymoH

excited, be excited (v)

Sey

execute, put to death (v)

muH

exhaust (n)

taQbang[[p.132]]

exhaust (v)

tlhuch

exile (v)

ghIm

expand (v)

Sach

expect (v)

pIH

expedition (n)

Hoq

experiment (n)

ngong

experiment (v)

ngong

expert, be expert, skilled (v)

po'

explain (v)

QIj

explode (v)

jor

explosive (n)

jorwI'

eye (n)

mIn

eyebrow (n)

Huy'

face (n)

qab

fact (n)

ngoD

factory (n)

laSvargh

fail (v)

luj

fair, be fair (v)

may

trust, have faith in (v)

voq

fake, be fake (v)

ngeb

fall (v)

pum

false, be false (v)

ngeb

family (n)

qorDu'

famous, be famous, well known (v)

noy

fanatical, be fanatical (v)

ngotlh

far, be far, be remote (v)

Hop

farm (n)

Du'

farm (v)

wIj

fascinate (v)

vuQ

fast, quickly (adv)

nom

be fat (v)

pI', ror

fatal, be fatal (v)

HeghmoH

fate (n)

San

father (n)

vav

fault (seismic) (n)

Seq

fault, blame (n)

pIch

fed up, be fed up (v)

puQ

Federation (n)

DIvI'

Federation battle cruiser (n)

DIvI'may'Duj[[p.133]]

feed (someone else) (v)

je'

feel, touch (v)

Hot

female, woman (n)

be'

festival (n)

yupma'

few, be few, be several, be

puS

a handful (v)

fib, lie (v)

nep

field (of land) (n)

yotlh

fierce, be fierce (v)

qu'

fifth (num)

vaghDIch

fight (v)

Suv

fight dirty (v)

HIgh

fill (v)

teb

final, be final, last (v)

Qav

find (v)

tu'

fine, tax (v)

rup

finger (n)

nItlh

finished, be finished,

rIn

accomplished (v)

fire (n)

qul

fire (torpedo, rocket, missile) (v)

baH

fire, energize (e.g., thrusters) (v)

laQ

first (num)

wa'DIch

fissure (n)

Qargh

fist (n)

ro'

five (num)

vagh

fix, repair (v)

tI'

flag (n)

joqwI'

flap, flutter, wave (v)

joq

flee, get out (v)

Haw'

fleet (of ships) (n)

yo'

flood (n)

SoD

flood (v)

SoD

floor (n)

rav

flutter, flap, wave (v)

joq

fly (v)

puv

focus on, concentrate on,

buS

think only about (v)

follow (a course) (v)

ghoS

follow (rules) (v)

pab[[p.134]]

follow, chase (v)

tlha'

fool (n)

qoH

foolish, be foolish,

Dogh

silly (v)

foot (n)

qam

forbid (v)

tuch

force (v)

raD

force field (n)

Surchem

fore (n)

'et

forehead (n)

Quch

foreign, be foreign, alien (v)

nov

foreigner (n)

nov

forest, woods (n)

ngem

forget (v)

lIj

fortunate, be fortunate, lucky (v)

Do'

four (num)

loS

fourth (num)

loSDIch

free, be free, independent (v)

tlhab

freedom, independence (n)

tlhab

freeze (v)

taDmoH

freighter (n)

tongDuj

frequency (radio) (n)

Se'

friend (n)

jup

frozen, be frozen (v)

taD

frustrated, be frustrated (v)

mogh

fuel (n)

nIn

function, work, succeed (v)

Qap

funeral (n)

nol

funny, be funny (v)

tlhaQ

galactic rim (n)

qIbHeS

galaxy (n)

qIb

galley (n)

vutpa'

game (n)

Quj

garbage (n)

veQ

garbage scow (n)

veQDuj

gargle (v)

ghagh

gas (n)

SIp

gate (n)

lojmIt

gear, equipment (n)

luch

general (rank) (n)

Sa'[[p.135]]

Genesis (n)

qa'vam

genius (n)

wIgh

get (v)

Suq

get away from (v)

DoH

get in (v)

yong

get out, flee (v)

Haw'

get out, take out (v)

lel

get up (v)

Hu'

gift (n)

nob

girl (n)

be'Hom

give (v)

nob

give up, surrender (v)

jegh

glass (tumbler) (n)

HIvje'

glove (n)

pogh

glow (v)

wew

go (v)

jaH

go aboard (v)

tIj

go away from (v)

ghoS

go in (v)

'el

goal (n)

ngoQ

good (expressing satisfaction) (excl) maj

good, be good (v)

QaQ

good, very good, well done

majQa'

(excl)

gossip (v)

joS

gossip, rumor (n)

joS

govern (v)

qum

government (n)

qum

gown (n)

paH

grain (n)

tIr

grammar (n)

pab

grandfather (n)

vavnI'

grandmother (n)

SoSnI'

grave (n)

mol

great, be great, wonderful (v)

Dun

greedy, be greedy (v)

qur

green, be green, blue, yellow (v)

SuD

gripe (v)

bep

grouchy, be grouchy, mean (v)

qej

ground (n)

yav

group (n)

ghom[[p.136]]

guard (n)

'avwI'

guard (v)

'av

guess (v)

loy

guest (n)

meb

guide, lead (v)

Dev

guilty, be guilty (v)

DIv

gun, handgun (n)

HIch

gunner (n)

baHwI',

matHa'

gunpowder (n)

ngat

hair (on body) (n)

pob

hair (on head) (n)

jIb

half (n)

bID

hand (n)

ghop

handful, be a handful, be few (v)

puS

handgun (n)

HIch

handsome, be handsome (v)

'IH

hang (v)

HuS

hangover, have a hangover,

'uH

be hung over (v)

happen, occur (v)

qaS

happy, be happy (v)

Quch

hard, be hard (like a rock) (v)

let

harmful, be harmful (v)

joch

harvest (v)

yob

hassle, be a hassle, be a

qay'

problem (v)

hate, detest (v)

muS

have, possess (v)

ghaj

he, she, him, her (pro)

ghaH

head (n)

nach

headache, have a headache (v)

wuQ

healthy, be healthy (v)

pIv

hear (v)

Qoy

heart (n)

tIq

heat (n)

tuj

heavy, be heavy (v)

'ugh

helm (n)

Degh

helmet (n)

mIv[[p.137]]

helmsman (n)

DeghwI'

help, aid (v)

QaH

her, him, she, he (pro)

ghaH

here, hereabouts (n)

naDev

hide (v)

So'

high, be high (v)

jen

hill, mountain (n)

HuD

him, her, he, she (pro)

ghaH

hinder, interfere (v)

nIS

history (n)

qun

hit (with hand, fist, implement) (v)

qIp

holster (n)

vaH

home (n)

juH

honest, be honest (v)

yuDHa'

honor (n)

batlh

honored, with honor (adv)

batlh

hope (v)

tul

horizontal, be horizontal (v)

SaS

hostage (n)

vub

hot, be hot (v)

tuj

hour (n)

rep

how many? (ques)

'ar

how much? (ques)

'ar

how? (ques)

chay'

however (conj)

'ach, 'a

hull (n)

Som

human (n)

Human

humanoid (n)

yoq

hundred (num)

vatlh

hundred thousand (num)

bIp

hungry, be hungry (v)

ghung

hunt (v)

wam

hurry (v)

moD

hurt (n)

'oy'

hurt (v)

'oy'

husband (n)

loDnal

hypnotize (v)

vong

I, me (pro)

jIH

ice (n)

chuch[[p.138]]

idea (n)

qech

identical, be identical (v)

nIb

identify (v)

ngu'

ignorant, be ignorant (v)

jIv

ill, be ill, sick (v)

rop

illegal, be illegal (v)

Hat

immortal, be immortal (v)

jub

impact, strike (v)

mup

impatient, be impatient (v)

boH

important thing, something

potlh

important (n)

impressive, be impressive (v)

Doj

improve (v)

Dub

impulse power (n)

Hong

in that case, then, thus, so (adv)

vaj

incompetent, be incompetent (v)

tlhIb

increase (v)

ghur

independence, freedom (n)

tlhab

independent, be independent,

tlhab

free (v)

indigestion (n)

poq

infect (v)

ngej

inferior, be inferior (v)

QIv

infirmary (n)

ropyaH

influence (v)

SIgh

information (n)

De'

inhabitant (n)

ngan

inhabited, be inhabited (v)

toq

injure (v)

rIQmoH

injured, be injured (v)

rIQ

innocent, be innocent (v)

chun

insist (v)

qap

instincts (n)

Duj

instruct, teach (v)

ghojmoH

insubordinate, be insubor-

tlhIv

dinate (v)

insult (v)

tIch

insurrection (n)

QuD

intelligent, be intelligent (v)

val

intend, mean to (v)

Hech

intentionally, on purpose (adv)

chIch[[p.139]]

interesting, be interesting (v)

Daj

interfere (v)

nIS

interrogate (v)

yu'

interrupt (v)

qagh

intoxicated, be intoxicated,

chech

drunk (v)

introduce (v)

lIH

invade (v)

yot

invasion (n)

yot

invent, devise (v)

'ogh

ion (n)

tat

irritable, be irritable (v)

bergh

it (pro)

'oH

jacket, coat (n)

wep

jail (n)

bIghHa'

jog, run (v)

qet

join (v)

muv

journal, log (n)

QonoS

judge, estimate (v)

noH

judgment (n)

yoj

jump (v)

Sup

jurisdiction (n)

teblaw'

just, only, merely, (adv)

neH

justice (n)

ruv

keep, save (v)

pol

kellicam (n)

quelI'qam[[quelI'qam=>qelI'qam]]

kevas (n)

qevaS

kick (v)

pup

kidnap (v)

quch

kill (v)

HoH

Klingon (n)

tlhIngan

Klingon Empire (n)

tlhIngan wo'

Klingon writing system (n)

pIqaD

knee (n)

qIv

kneel (v)

tor

knife (n)

taj

know (v)

Sov

label (n)

per[[p.140]]

label (v)

per

lake (n)

ngeng

lame, be lame (v)

rIgh

land (n)

puH

land (v)

Saq

landing party (n)

Saqghom

language (n)

Hol

last, be last, final (v)

Qav

lateral, be lateral, move

nech

laterally (v)

laugh (v)

Hagh

law (n)

chut

lazy, be lazy (v)

buD

lead, guide (v)

Dev

leak (v)

nIj

learn (v)

ghoj

lecture, speech (n)

SoQ

left (side) (n)

poS

left over, be left over (v)

chuv

leftovers (grammatical term) (n)

chuvmey

leg (n)

'uS

legal, be legal (v)

mub

lend (v)

noj

let's go (excl)

Ha'

lie, fib (v)

nep

lie, recline (v)

Qot

life (n)

yIn

life signs (n)

yInroH

life-support system (n)

yIntagh

light, be light, bright (v)

wov

light (weight), be light (v)

tIS

like (v)

parHa'

limit (v)

vuS

line, rope (n)

tlhegh

lip (n)

wuS

liquor (n)

HIq

listen (v)

'Ij

live (v)

yIn

log, journal (n)

QonoS

long, be long, lengthy

nI'

(duration) (v)[[p.141]]

long, be long, lengthy (of an

tIq

object) (v)

look for, seek, search for (v)

nej

loose, be loose (v)

QeyHa'

loosen (v)

QeyHa'moH

lord (n)

jaw, joH

love, one who is loved (n)

bang

luckily, with luck (adv)

Do'

lucky, be lucky, fortunate, (v)

Do'

lunch (n)

megh

machinery (n)

jo', mIqta'

mad, be mad (v)

QeH

maintain (v)

leH

maintenance (n)

leH

male, man (n)

loD

man (n)

loD

manage (v)

vu'

manager (n)

vu'wI'

maneuver (engines) (v)

QoD

maneuver (military term) (n)

tuH

manual, control manually, by

ruQ

hand (v)

manuscript (n)

ghItlh

many, be many, numerous (v)

law'

marriage (n)

tlhogh

marry (husband does this) (v)

Saw

marry (wife does this) (v)

nay

matter (n)

Hap

me, I (pro)

jIH

mean, be mean (v)

qej

mean to, intend (v)

Hech

measure (v)

juv

medicine (n)

Hergh

meet (for the first time) (v)

qIH

meet, encounter, assemble (v)

ghom

meeting (n)

qep

melt (v)

tet

memory banks (n)

qawHaq

menu (n)

HIDjolev

merchant (n)

Suy[[p.142]]

merchant ship (n)

SuyDuj

mercy (n)

pung

merely, just, only (adv)

neH

messy, be messy, sloppy (v)

ghIH

metal (n)

baS

meteor (n)

chunDab

midday (n)

pemjep

middle, center (n)

botlh

midnight (n)

ramjep

midnight snack (n)

ghem

military (n)

QI'

million (num)

'uy'

mind, brain (n)

yab

mind sifter (Klingon psychic

tuQDoq

probe) (n)

mine (v)

tlhIl

miner (n)

tlhIlwI'

mineral (n)

tlhIl

minute (of time) (n)

tup

misinterpret (v)

yajHa'

mission, quest, duty (n)

Qu'

mistake, err, be mistaken,

Qagh

make a mistake (v)

mistake, error (n)

Qagh

mix (v)

DuD

mixed up, be mixed up, be con-

mIS

fused (v)

module (n)

bobcho'

money (n)

Huch

month (Klingon) (n)

jar

moon (n)

maS

moonlight (n)

maSwov

morning (n)

po

mortal, be mortal (v)

jubbe'

mother (n)

SoS

mountain, hill (n)

HuD

mouth (n)

nuj

mugato (n)

mughato'

murder (v)

chot

muscle (n)

Somraw

mustache (n)

loch[[p.143]]

mutiny (v)

qIQ

myth (n)

wIch

nacelle (n)

HanDogh

nag (v)

boj

name (n)

pong

name (v)

pong

nap (v)

Dum

native (n)

Sung

navigate (v)

chIj

navigator (n)

chIjwI'

necessary, be necessary,

'ut

essential (v)

neck (n)

mong

necklace (n)

ghIgh

negative (angle), be at a

taH

negative angle (v)

negotiate (v)

Sutlh

neighbor (n)

jIl

nervous, be nervous (v)

bIt

Neural (n)

nural

Neuralese (n)

nuralngan

neutral zone (n)

neHmaH

never (adv)

not

nevertheless (conj)

'ach, 'a

new, be new (v)

chu'

next to, area next to (n)

retlh

night (n)

ram

nine (num)

Hut

ninth (num)

HutDIch

no (answer to a question) (excl)

ghobe'

no, I won't, I refuse (excl)

Qo'

nobility (n)

chuQun

noisy, be noisy (v)

chuS

nothing, none (n)

pagh

nonsense (n)

Dap

nose (n)

ghIch

nostril (n)

tlhon

not yet (adv)

wej

nothing, none (n)

pagh

notice (v)

tu'

noun (n)

DIp[[p.144]]

nova (n)

puyjaq

now (adv)

DaH

number (n)

mI'

numerous, be numerous (v)

law'

oath (n)

'Ip

obey (v)

lob

object (v)

bep

obliterate (v)

Sang

observe (v)

tu'

obstruct (v)

waQ

obtain (v)

Suq

occupy (military term) (v)

Dan

occur, happen (v)

qaS

occurrence, event,

wanI'

phenomenon (n)

ocean (n)

bIQ'a'

odd, be odd (v)

jum

offend (v)

maw

officer (n)

yaS, 'utlh

offspring, child (n)

puq

often (adv)

pIj

okay, yes, I will (excl)

luq, lu'

old, be old (not new) (v)

ngo'

old, be old (not young) (v)

qan

omit (v)

nop

once (adv)

wa'logh

one (num)

wa'

only, merely, just (adv)

neH

onward, go onward, proceed (v)

ghoS

open (v)

poSmoH

open, be open, opened (v)

poS

opinion (n)

vuD

opponent, adversary (n)

ghol

opportunity (n)

'eb

option, possibility (n)

DuH

or, and/or (joining nouns) (conj)

joq

or, and/or (joining sentences)

qoj

(conj)

or, either/or (joining nouns)

ghap

(conj)[[p.145]]

or, either/or (joining sen-

pagh

tences) (conj)

orange, be orange, red (v)

Doq

orbit (v)

bav

order, command (v)

ra'

Organia (n)

'orghenya'

Organian (n)

'orghenya'ngan

Organian Peace Treaty (n)

'orghenya'

rojmab

organization, federation (n)

DIvI'

origin (n)

mung

outside (n)

Hur

overhead, area overhead (n)

Dung

override (v)

ngep

overtake, pass (v)

juS

pain (n)

'oy'

pajamas (n)

nIvnav

palm (of hand) (n)

toch

panic (v)

lIm

pants (n)

yopwaH

paper (n)

nav

paper clip (n)

mavjop

parallel, be parallel, go

Don

parallel to (v)

parallel course (n)

HeDon

participate (v)

jeS

partner (n)

qoch

party, group (n)

ghom

pass (v)

juS

passenger (n)

raQpo'

passionate, be passionate

nong

(v)

patient (n)

SID

patient, be patient (v)

tuv

patrol (v)

ngIv

pay attention (v)

qIm

pause (v)

yev

pay for (v)

DIl

peace (n)

roj

peace, make peace (v)

roj[[p.146]]

peace treaty (n)

rojmab

penalty (n)

jIp

percent (n)

vatlhvI'

perfect, be perfect, exact (v)

pup

perhaps (adv)

chaq

permit (n)

chaw'

allow, permit (v)

chaw'

person (humanoid) (n)

ghot, nuv

persuade (v)

pon

pet (n)

Saj

pet, stroke (v)

yach

phaser (n)

pu'

phaser banks (n)

pu'DaH

phaser crew (n)

pu'beq

phaser pistol (n)

pu'HIch

phaser rifle (n)

pu'beH

phenomenon, event,

wanI'

occurrence (n)

physician, doctor (n)

Qel

pick up (v)

woH

pickle (cucumber) (n)

Hurgh

pity (v)

vup

place (v)

lan

plan (v)

nab

planet (n)

yuQ

planetoid (n)

yuQHom

plant (v)

poch

plastic (n)

mep

play (v)

reH

play a game (v)

Quj

plead, beg (v)

qoy'

pleased, be pleased (v)

bel

pleasure (n)

bel

poison (n)

tar

ponytail (n)

DaQ

ponytail holder (n)

choljaH

popular, be popular (v)

Qat

population (n)

roghvaH

possess, have (v)

ghaj

possibility, option (n)

DuH

possible, be possible (v)

DuH[[p.147]]

postpone (v)

lum

power (political) (n)

woQ

power, energy (n)

HoS

powerful, be powerful (v)

HoSghaj

practice, train, prepare (v)

qeq

precede (v)

nung

predecessor (n)

nubwI'

prefer (v)

maS

prefix (n)

moHaq

prepare for, be alerted to (v)

ghuH

prepare, train, practice (v)

qeq

prepared, be prepared (to

ghuS

launch) (v)

present (v)

much

present, be present (not

SaH

absent) (v)

presentation (n)

much

preserve (v)

choq

press down (v)

'uy

prevent, block (v)

bot

primitive, be primitive (v)

lutlh

prison, jail (n)

bIghHa'

prisoner (n)

qama'

privilege (n)

DIb

prize (n)

tev

problem, be a problem, be

qay'

a hassle (v)

proceed on a course, go

ghoS

onward (v)

proclaim (v)

maq

procrastinate (v)

lum

produce (v)

lIng

program (a computer) (v)

ghun

progress (n)

Ser

progress (v)

tlhetlh

prohibit (v)

bot

project (n)

jInmol

project, put on (screen) (v)

Hotlh

promise (v)

lay'

promote (v)

num

propel (v)

vo'[[p.148]]

prosper, be prosperous (v)

chep

protect (v)

Qan

proud, be proud (v)

Hem

prove (v)

tob

punish (v)

Hup

pupil (of eye) (n)

lur

purchase (v)

je'

pure, be pure (v)

watlh

purposely, on purpose,

chIch

intentionally (adv)

push (v)

yuv

put down (v)

roQ

put on (clothes) (v)

tuQmoH

put on (screen), project (v)

Hotlh

putrid, be putrid (v)

ngIm

quadrotriticale (n)

loSpev

qualified, be qualified (v)

'um

quarrel (v)

Sol

quest (n)

Qu'

question, interrogate (v)

yu'

quickly (adv)

nom

quiet, be quiet (v)

tam

quit (v)

bup

race (type, sort, class) (n)

Segh

radan (crude dilithium

Dom

crystal) (n)

raid (v)

weH

rain (v)

SIS

raise (v)

pep

range, distance (n)

chuq

ransom (n)

voHDajbo'

rare, be rare (v)

qub

raw, be raw, unprocessed (v)

tlhol

ray (n)

tIH

reach (v)

SIch

read (v)

laD

ready (excl)

'eH

ready, standing by (excl)

SuH, Su'

realize (v)

tlhoj[[p.149]]

reason (n)

meq

reason (v)

meq

rebel (n)

lotlhwI'

rebel (v)

lotlh

receive (v)

Hev

recline, lie (v)

Qot

recognize (v)

ghov

recommend, suggest (v)

chup

record (n)

ta

record (v)

qon

red, be red, orange (v)

Doq

refuge (n)

lulIgh

refuse, I refuse (excl)

Qo'

region (n)

Sep

regret (v)

pay

Regulan (n)

reghuluSngan

Regulan bloodworm (n)

reghuluS 'Iwghargh

Regulus (n)

reghuluS

reign, rule (v)

che'

relax, rest (v)

leS

relieve (v)

Son

religion (n)

lalDan

rely on (v)

wuv

remain (v)

ratlh

remember (v)

qaw

remind (v)

qawmoH

remote, be remote, far (v)

Hop

remove, take off (v)

teq

Remus (n)

rIymuS

rendezvous (v)

ghom

repair (v)

tI'

reply (v)

jang

report, tell (v)

ja'

represent (v)

'oS

require (v)

poQ

rescue (v)

toD

research (v)

Qul

resemble (v)

rur

resent (v)

qeH

resign (v)

paj

resource (n)

Sup[[p.150]]

resources (n)

jo

respect (v)

vuv

responsible, be responsible (v)

ngoy'

rest, relax (v)

leS

restaurant (n)

Qe'

restless, be restless (v)

ngoj

retaliate (v)

noD

retreat (v)

HeD

return (v)

chegh

reveal, show (v)

'ang

revenge (n)

bortaS

revolt (v)

Daw'

revolt, revolution (n)

Daw'

rich, be rich (v)

mIp

ride (v)

lIgh

ridicule (v)

nuS

rifle (n)

beH

right (side) (n)

nIH

right, be right, correct (v)

lugh

ring (for finger) (n)

Qeb

river (n)

bIQtIq

roam, travel, rove (v)

leng

rob (v)

Hej

robe (n)

mop

robot (n)

qoq

rock, stone (n)

nagh

Romulan (n)

romuluSngan

Romulus (n)

romuluS

room (n)

pa'

rope, line (n)

tlhegh

rotten, be rotten (v)

non

rough, be rough (v)

ghegh

round up (v)

lIq

route, course (n)

He

rove, roam, travel (v)

leng

rover (grammatical term) (n)

lengwI'

rude, be rude (v)

Doch

ruins (n)

pIgh

rule, reign, run (v)

che'

rumor, gossip (n)

joS

run, jog (v)

qet[[p.151]]

run, rule (v)

che'

ruthless, be ruthless (v)

wIH

sabotage (v)

Sorgh

saccharin (n)

HaQchor

sad, be sad (v)

'IQ

saloon, bar (n)

tach

salute (v)

van

same, be the same (v)

rap

satellite (n)

SIbDoH

satisfied, be satisfied (v)

yon

satisfy (v)

yonmoH

save, keep (v)

pol

save, rescue (v)

toD

scan (v)

Hotlh

scanner (n)

HotlhwI'

scare (v)

ghIj

scatter, disperse (v)

ghomHa'

scavenge (v)

qor

school (n)

DuSaQ

science (n)

QeD

science officer (n)

QeDpIn

scientist (n)

tej

scold (v)

qun

scream, cry out, shout (v)

jach

screen, viewing screen (n)

jIH

search for, seek, look for (v)

nej

second (num)

cha'DIch

second (of time) (n)

lup

secret (n)

pegh

secret, keep something secret (v)

pegh

section (n)

'ay'

sector, zone (n)

mIch

security (n)

Hung

see (v)

legh

seek, search for (v)

nej

select (v)

wIv

self-confident, be self-confident (v) jeQ

selfish, be selfish (v)

mut

sell (v)

ngev

send (v)

ngeH[[p.152]]

sensor (n)

noch

sentence (n)

mu'tlhegh

separate (v)

chev

sergeant (n)

bu'

serious, be serious (v)

Sagh

serpent, worm (n)

ghargh

servant (n)

toy'wI'

serve (a master) (v)

toy'

serve (food) (v)

jab

set up, establish (v)

cher

seven (num)

Soch

seventh (num)

SochDIch

several, be several (v)

puS

shadow (n)

QIb

shame (v)

tuHmoH

sharp, be sharp (v)

jej

she, he, her, him (pro)

ghaH

Sherman's Planet (n)

SermanyuQ

shield (n)

yoD

shield (v)

yoD

shine, be shiny (v)

boch

ship, vessel (n)

Duj

shocked, be shocked, dumbfounded

yay'

(v)

shoe (n)

waq

shoot (v)

bach

shore leave (n)

leSpoH

shortcut (n)

qIgh

shot (n)

bach

shoulder (n)

volchaH

shout, scream, cry out (v)

jach

show, display (picture) (v)

cha'

show, reveal (v)

'ang

shut (v)

SoQmoH

shut, be shut (v)

SoQ

sick, be sick, ill (v)

rop

side (n)

Dop

sight (with gunsight) (v)

puS

sign (a treaty) (v)

qI'

silence (v)

tammoH

silly, be silly (v)

Dogh[[p.153]]

simple, be simple (v)

nap

simultaneous, happen simultaneously

quq

(v)

sin (v)

yem

sincere, be sincere (v)

'Il

sir (n)

qaH

sister (n)

be'nI'

sit (v)

ba'

situation (n)

ghu'

six (num)

jav

sixth (num)

javDIch

skilled, be skilled (v)

po'

skin (n)

DIr

skin (v)

Surgh

sky (n)

chal

sleep (v)

Qong

slightly, a little bit (adv)

loQ

slingshot (n)

moy'bI'

slit (v)

SIj

sloppy, be sloppy, messy (v)

ghIH

slowly (adv)

QIt

sly, be sly (v)

'ong

small, be small (v)

mach

smart, be smart (v)

val

smear (v)

ngoH

smell, emit odor (v)

He'

smell, sense odors (v)

largh

smoke (n)

tlhIch

smooth, be smooth (v)

Hab

snow (v)

peD

so, then, thus, in that case (adv)

vaj

so, well (excl)

toH

society (n)

nugh

socks (n)

paSlogh

soft, be soft (v)

tun

soldier (n)

mang

soldiers (n)

negh

solid, be solid (v)

Sub

solution (liquid) (n)

taS

somebody, something, anybody,

vay'

anything (n)[[p.154]]

sometimes (adv)

rut

somewhere (n)

vogh

son (n)

puqloD

soon (adv)

tugh

sore (n)

'oy'

sore, be sore (v)

'oy'

sorry, be sorry (v)

QoS

sour, be sour (v)

wIb

source (n)

Hal

space (n)

logh

space station (n)

tengchaH

speak (v)

jatlh

special, be special, exceptional (v)

le'

species (n)

mut

specimen (n)

chovnatlh

speech (vocal sounds) (n)

QIch

speech, lecture, address (n)

SoQ

sphere (n)

moQ

spin (v)

DIng

spine (n)

pIp

spy (n)

ghoqwI'

spy (v)

ghoq

squadron (n)

nawlogh

stab (v)

DuQ

stand (v)

Qam

standing by, ready (excl)

SuH, Su'

star (n)

Hov

star base (n)

'ejyo'waw'

star system (n)

Hovtay'

Starfleet (n)

'ejyo'

starship, starship class (n)

'ejDo'

station, duty station (n)

yaH

status (n)

Dotlh

steal (v)

nIH

steam (n)

SeS

step on (v)

gho'

sticky, be sticky (v)

Hum

sting (v)

'aw'

stink (v)

He'So'

stomach (n)

burgh

stone, rock (n)

nagh[[p.155]]

stoop (v)

joD

stop, cease (v)

mev

storm (v)

jev

story (n)

lut

strange, be strange (v)

Huj

strategy (n)

Dup

strength (n)

HoS

strike, impact (v)

mup

stroke, pet (v)

yach

strong, be strong (v)

HoS

structure, building (n)

qach

stubborn, be stubborn (v)

mul

student (n)

ghojwI'

study (v)

HaD

stuff (v)

ghoD

stupid, be stupid (v)

QIp

sublight speed (n)

gho'Do

substitute (v)

tam

succeed, work, function (v)

Qap

success (n)

Qapla'

suddenly (adv)

pay'

suffer (v)

bech

sufficient, be sufficient (v)

yap

suffix (n)

mojaQ

suggest, recommend (v)

chup

suicide, commit suicide (v)

HoH'egh

superior (n)

moch

superior, be superior (v)

nIv

support (military term) (n)

ngaq

surface (of a planet) (n)

ghor

surgery (n)

Haq

surprise (v)

mer

surrender, give up (v)

jegh

surround (v)

Dech

suspect, be suspect (v)

nub

suspicious, be suspicious (v)

pIH

swallow (v)

ghup

swear, vow (v)

'Ip

switch (n)

leQ

sword (n)

'etlh

system (n)

pat[[p.156]]

tactical display (n)

wIy

tactical officer (n)

ya

tactics (n)

to'

take (v)

tlhap

take action (v)

vang

take away (v)

nge'

take care of, care for (v)

Qorgh

take down (v)

jotlh

take form, build up (v)

chen

take off, remove (v)

teq

take out, get out (v)

lel

target (n)

DoS

targets (n)

ray'

task, chore (n)

Qu'

tax (v)

rup

teach, instruct (v)

ghojmoH

teachings (n)

paQDI'norgh

technician (n)

chamwI'

tell, report (v)

ja'

Tellun Star System (n)

telun Hovtay'

temperature (n)

Hat

temple (structure) (n)

chIrgh

temporary, be temporary (v)

ru'

tempt (v)

tlhu'moH

tempted, be tempted (v)

tlhu'

ten (combining form) (num)

maH

ten (num)

wa'maH

ten thousand (num)

netlh

tenth (num)

wa'maHDIch

Terran (n)

tera'ngan

that (previous topic) (pro)

'e', net

them, they (capable of using language)chaH

(pro)

them, they (incapable of language)

bIH

(pro)

then, thus, in that case, so (adv)

vaj

theory (n)

nger

theragen (n)

Qab

there, over there, thereabouts (n)

pa'

they, them (capable of using language)chaH

(pro)[[p.157]]

they, them (incapable of language)

bIH

(pro)

thief (n)

nIHwI'

thin, be thin (v)

lang

thing (n)

Doch

think (v)

Qub

think only about, concentrate on,

buS

focus on (v)

third (num)

wejDIch

thirsty, be thirsty (v)

'oj

thousand (num)

SaD, SanID

threaten (v)

buQ

three (num)

wej

throat (n)

Hugh

throw away (v)

woD

thrust (v)

ghoS

thruster (n)

vIj

thrusters (n)

chuyDaH

thus, so, in that case (adv)

vaj

tickle (v)

qotlh

tight, be tight (v)

Qey

tighten (v)

QeymoH

time (v)

poH

time, period of time (n)

poH

tired, be tired (v)

Doy'

toe (n)

yaD

together, be together (v)

tay'

toilet (n)

puch

tolerate (v)

chergh

tomorrow (n)

wa'leS

tongue (n)

jat

tooth (n)

Ho'

toothache (n)

Ho''oy'

topaline (n)

toplIn

torpedo (n)

peng

torpedoes (n)

cha

torpedo tube (n)

chetvI', DuS

torture (v)

joy'

touch, feel (v)

Hot

tough, be tough (v)

rotlh

toxic, be toxic (v)

SuQ[[p.158]]

trade (v)

mech

tradition (n)

lurDech

train, prepare (v)

qeq

traitor (n)

maghwI'

transact (v)

Huq

transceiving device (for data) (n)

HablI'

transfer (v)

Qay

translate (v)

mugh

translator (n)

mughwI'

transmission (of data) (n)

jabbI'ID

transmit data (to a place) (v)

lI'

transmit data (away from a place) (v) lab

transport (v)

lup

transport beam (n)

jol

transport room (n)

jolpa'

transporter ionizer unit (n)

jolvoy'

travel, roam (v)

leng

treason (n)

'urmang

treaty (n)

mab

tree (n)

Sor

tremor, experience a tremor (v)

Qom

tribble (n)

yIH

trick (v)

toj

tricorder (n)

Hoqra'

trifling, be trifling, trivial,

ram

unimportant (v)

trillium (n)

DIlyum

trim (hair) (v)

chIp

trip (n)

leng

triumph, victory (n)

yay

trivial, be trivial, trifling,

ram

unimportant (v)

troops (n)

QaS

trouble (n)

Seng

trouble, cause trouble (v)

Seng

Troyius (n)

Doy'yuS

truce (n)

rojHom

true, be true (v)

teH

trunk (of body) (n)

ro

trust, have faith in (v)

voq

truth, tell the truth (v)

vIt[[p.159]]

try (v)

nID

tube, torpedo tube (n)

chetvI', DuS

tunic (n)

yIvbeH

tunnel (n)

'och

turn (v)

tlhe'

twice (adv)

cha'logh

twilight (n)

choS

two (num)

cha'

ugly, be ugly (v)

moH

unconditional surrender (n)

Doghjey

unconscious, be unconscious (v)

vul

under, area under (n)

bIng

underground (n)

wutlh

understand (v)

yaj

undress (v)

tuQHa'moH

uneasy, be uneasy (v)

bIt, jotHa'

unhappy, be unhappy (v)

QuchHa'

uniform (n)

HIp

unimportant, be unimportant,

ram

trivial (v)

uninhabited, be uninhabited, empty,

chIm

deserted (v)

uninteresting, be uninteresting (v)

qetlh

United Federation of Planets (n)

yuQjIjDIvI'

universe (n)

'u'

unprocessed, be unprocessed, raw (v)

tlhol

unusual, be unusual (v)

motlhbe'

upside down, be upside down (v)

yoy

urgent, be urgent (v)

pav

us, we (pro)

maH

use (v)

lo'

useful, be useful (v)

lI'

usual, be usual (v)

motlh

vacate (v)

qeD

vacation, take a vacation (v)

ghIQ

valley (n)

ngech

valuable, be valuable (v)

lo'laH

vanish (v)

ngab

variety (n)

Sar[[p.160]]

various, be varied (v)

Sar

vegetation (n)

tI

vein (n)

'aD

velocity (n)

Do

vent (n)

yIb

verb (n)

wot

verify (v)

'ol

vertical, be vertical (v)

chong

vessel, ship (n)

Duj

vicious, be vicious (v)

naS

victory, triumph (n)

yay

viewing screen (n)

jIH

violent, be violent (v)

ral

visit (v)

Such

visual display (n)

HaSta

vocabulary (n)

mu'tay'

voice (n)

ghogh

volunteer (v)

Sap

vow, swear (v)

'Ip

voyage (n)

leng

Vulcan (person) (n)

vulqangan

Vulcan (planet) (n)

vulqan

vulgar, be vulgar (v)

Qut

wait (for) (v)

loS

wake (someone) up (v)

vemmoH

wake up, cease sleeping (v)

vem

walk (v)

yIt

want (v)

neH

war (n)

veS

warn (v)

ghuHmoH

warp drive (n)

pIvghor

washroom (n)

puchpa'

watch (v)

bej

water (n)

bIQ

wave, flap, flutter (v)

joq

we, us (pro)

maH

weak, be weak (v)

puj

weapon (n)

nuH

wear (clothes) (v)

tuQ

week (Klingon) (n)

Hogh[[p.161]]

well done, very good (excl)

majQa'

well, so (excl)

toH

what do you want? (greeting) (excl)

nuqneH

what? (ques)

nuq

when? (ques)

ghorgh

where? (ques)

nuqDaq

white, be white (v)

chIS

who? (ques)

'Iv

why? (ques)

qatlh

wife (n)

be'nal

wind, breeze (n)

SuS

woman (n)

be'

won't, I won't, I refuse (excl)

Qo'

wonderful, be wonderful, great (v)

Dun

woods, forest (n)

ngem

word (n)

mu'

work, function (v)

Qap

work, toil (v)

vum

worm, serpent (n)

ghargh

worsen (v)

'argh

worthless, be worthless (v)

lo'laHbe'

write (v)

ghItlh

writing system, Klingon writing

system (n)

pIqaD

yawn (v)

Hob

year (Klingon) (n)

DIS

years ago (n)

ben

years from now (n)

nem

yellow, be yellow, blue, green (v)

SuD

yes, okay, I will (excl)

luq, lu'

yes, true (answer to yes/no question) HIja', HISlaH

(excl)

yesterday (n)

wa'Hu'

you (plural) (pro)

tlhIH

you (pro)

SoH

young, be young (v)

Qup

zero (num)

pagh

zone, sector (n)

mIch[[p.162]]

KLINGON AFFIXES

1. Noun suffixes

Numbers indicate suffix type.

-chaj 4 their

-Daj 4 his/her

-Daq 5 locative

-Du' 2 plural (body part)

-Hey 3 apparent

-Hom 1 diminutive

-lIj 4 your

-II' 4 your (noun capable of using language)

-maj 4 our

-ma' 4 our (noun capable of using language)

-mey 2 plural (general)

-mo' 5 due to

-na' 3 definite

-pu' 2 plural (beings capable of using language)

-qoq 3 so-called

-raj 4 your (plural)

-ra' 4 your (plural) (noun capable of using language)

-vaD 5 for

-vam 4 this[[p.163]]

-vetlh 4 that

-vo' 5 from

-wIj 4 my

-wI' 4 my (noun capable of using language)

-'a' 1 augmentative

-'e' 5 topic

2. Pronominal prefixes

0 he/she/it (no object), he/she/it--him/her/it/them, they (no object), they--them

bI- you (no object)

bo- you (plural)--him/her/it/them

che- you (plural)--us

cho- you--me

Da- you--him/her/it/them

DI- we--them

Du- he/she/it--you

gho- imperative: you--us, you (plural)--us HI- imperative: you--me, you (plural)--me jI- I (no object)

ju- you--us

lI- he/she/it--you (plural), they--you (plural) lu- they--him/her/it

ma- we (no object)

mu- he/she/it--me, they--me

nI- they--you

nu- he/she/it--us, they--us

pe- imperative: you (plural) (no object) pI- we--you

qa- I--you

re- we--you (plural)

Sa- I--you (plural)

Su- you (plural) (no object)

tI- imperative: you--them, you (plural)--them tu- you (plural)--me

vI- we--him/her/it

wI- I--him/her/it/them

yI- imperative: you (no object), you--him/her/it, you (plural)--him/her/it[[p.164]]

3. Verb suffixes

Numbers indicate suffix type; R stands for rover.

-beH 2 ready, set up (referring to devices)

-bej 6 certainly, undoubtedly

-be' R not

-bogh 9 which (relative-clause marker)

-choH 3 change

-chugh 9 if

-chuq 1 one another

-chu' 6 clearly, perfectly

-DI' 9 as soon as, when

-Ha' R undo

-laH 5 can, able

-law' 6 seems, apparently

-lI' 7 in progress

-lu' 5 indefinite subject

-meH 9 for (purpose-clause marker)

-moH 4 cause

-neS 8 honorific

-nIS 2 need

-pa' 9 before

-pu' 7 perfective

-qang 2 willing

-qa' 3 do again, resume

-qu' R emphatic

-Qo' R don't!, won't

-rup 2 ready, prepared (referring to beings)

-taH 7 continuous

-ta' 7 accomplished, done

-vIp 2 afraid

-vIS 9 while

-wI' 9 one who is, one who does, thing which does

-'a' 9 interrogative

-'egh 1 oneself

4. Special number suffixes

-DIch forms ordinal numbers (<first, second,> etc.)

-logh forms <once, twice, three times,> etc.[[p.165]]

ENGLISH INDEX TO KLINGON AFFIXES

1. Noun suffixes

Numbers indicate suffix type.

apparent -Hey 3

augmentative -'a' 1

definite -na' 3

diminutive -Hom 1

due to -mo' 5

for -vaD 5

from -vo' 5

his/her -Daj 4

locative -Daq 5

my -wIj 4

my (noun capable of using language) -wI' 4

our -maj 4

our (noun capable of using language) -ma' 4

plural (beings capable of using language) -pu' 2

plural (body part) -Du' 2

plural (general) -mey 2

so-called -qoq 3

that -vetlh 4

their -chaj 4

this -vam 4[[p.166]]

topic -'e' 5

your -lIj 4

your (noun capable of using language) -II' 4

your (plural) -raj 4

your (plural) (noun capable of using language) -ra' 4

2. Pronominal prefixes

he/she/it (no object) 0

he/she/it--him/her/it/them 0

he/she/it--me mu-

he/she/it--us nu-

he/she/it--you Du-

he/she/it--you (plural) lI-

I (no object) jI-

I--him/her/it/them vI-

I--you qa-

I--you (plural) Sa-

they (no object) 0

they--him/her/it lu-

they--me mu-

they--them 0

they--us nu-

they--you nI-

they--you (plural) lI-

we (no object) ma-

we--him/her/it wI-

we--them DI-

we--you pI-

we--you (plural) re-

you (no object) bI-

you--him/her/it/them Da-

you--me cho-you--us ju-

you (plural) (no object) Su-

you (plural)--him/her/it/them bo-

you (plural)--me tu-

you (plural)--us che-imperative: you (no object) yI-

imperative: you--him/her/it yI-[[p.167]]

imperative: you--me HI-

imperative: you--them tI-

imperative: you--us gho-imperative: you (plural) (no object) pe-

imperative: you (plural)--him/her/it yI-

imperative: you (plural)--me HI-

imperative: you (plural)--them tI-

imperative: you (plural)--us gho-3. Verb suffixes

Numbers indicate suffix type; R stands for rover.

able -laH 5

accomplished -ta' 7

afraid -vIp 2

apparently -law' 6

as soon as -DI' 9

before -pa' g can -laH 5

cause -moH 4

certainly -bej 6

change -choH 3

clearly -chu' 6

continuous -taH 7

do again -qa' 3

don't! -Qo' R

done -ta' 7

emphatic -qu' R

for (purpose-clause marker) -meH 9

honorific -neS 8

if -chugh 9

in progress -lI' 7

indefinite subject -lu' 5

interrogatlve -'a' 9

need -nIS 2

not -be' R

one another -chuq 1

one who is, one who does -wI' 9

oneself -'egh 1

perfective -pu' 7[[p.168]]

perfectly -chu' 6

prepared (referring to beings) -rup 2

progress, in progress -lI' 7

ready (referring to beings) -rup 2

ready (referring to devices) -beH 2

resume -qa' 3

seems -law' 6

set up (referring to devices) -beH 2

thing which is, thing which does -wI' 9

undo -Ha' R

undoubtedly -bej 6

when -DI' 9

which (relative clause-marker) -bogh 9

while -vIS 9

willing -qang 2

won't -Qo' R

4. Special number suffixes

ordinal numbers (<first, second,> etc.) -DIch

<once, twice, three times,> etc. -logh[[p.169]]

APPENDIX

A Selected List of Useful Klingon Expressions For those who want to make an attempt at speaking Klingon without reading the grammatical description of the language, a rough pronunciation for each expression is given as a guide.

The letters can be read with their normal English values, with the followng special conventions:

<a> as in <pa>

<e> as in <pet>

<i> as in <pit>

<o> as in <go>

<oo> as in <soon>

<ow> as in <cow>

<y> as in <cry (when used as a vowel)>

<kh> as <ch> in German <Bach> or Scottish <loch>

<gh> as a softer <kh,> with humming (or voicing) at the same time

In words of more than one syllabe, stressed syllables are written in all capital letters.

Those who follow the rough pronunciation without learning the proper Klingon pronunciation described in section 1

of this dictionary should be aware that they will be speaking with a strong Terran accent.[[p.170]]

ENGLISH KLINGON ROUGH

PRONUNCIATION

Yes. HIja' <or> HISlaH khi-JA <or> khish-LAKH

No. ghobe' gho-BE

I've done it! I've finished! pItlh pitl Well! Aha! toH tokh How did this happen? chay' chy What's going on?

I don't understand. jIyajbe' ji-YAJ-be I don't care. jISaHbe' ji-SHAKH-be No problem! qay'be' ky-BE

Do you speak Klingon? tlhIngan Hol Dajatlh'a' TLIngan khol Da-jatl-A

I cannot speak Klingon. tlhIngan Hol vIjatlhlaHbe' TLIngan khol vi-JATL-lakh-BE

Where is a good nuqDaq 'oH Qe' QaQ'e' NOOK-dak okh kkhe

restaurant? KKHAKKH-e Where is the bathroom? nuqDaq 'oH puchpa''e' NOOK-dak okh pooch-PA-e

How much fuel do we nIn 'ar wIghaj nin ar wi-GHAJ

have left?

I won't (do it)! Qo' kkho Feed him! yIje' yi-JE

You are right. bIlugh bi-LOOGH

You are wrong. bIlughbe' bi-loogh-BE

Am I disturbing you? qaSuj'a' ka-shooj-A It's not my fault. pIch vIghajbe' pich vi-ghaj-BE

My chronometer has tlhaqwIj chu'Ha'lu'pu' TLAK-wij stopped. choo-KHA-loo-poo

The engine is overheating. tujqu'choH QuQ tooj-KOO-chokh

kkhookkh

Where can I get my shoes nuqDaq waqwIj NOOK-dak WAK-wij

cleaned? vIlamHa'choHmoH vi-lam-KHA-chokh-mokh

Will it hurt? 'oy''a' oy-A Beam me aboard. HIjol khi-JOL

Activate the transport jol yIchu' jol yi-CHOO

beam!

Surrender or die! bIjeghbe'chugh vaj bi-jegh-BE-choogh vaj

bIHegh bi-KHEGH

We will meet in the tachDaq maghom TACH-dak maGHOM

cocktail lounge.

Your nose is shiny. boch ghIchraj boch GHICH-raj[[p.171]]

Always trust your instincts. Duj tIvoqtaH dooj ti-VOK-takh

There are Klingons naDev tlhInganpu' tu'lu' na-DEV

tlingan-POO

around here. TOO-loo Don't tell him/her! yIja'Qo' yi-ja-KKHO

Come here! HIghoS khi-GHOSH

Go to jail. bIghHa'Daq yIghoS bigh-KHA-dak yi-GHOSH

Put him on screen. yIHotlh yi-KHOTL

That is unfortunate. Do'Ha' do-KHA Understood. I understand. jIyaj ji-YAJ

Success! Qapla' kkhap-LA You will be remembered batlh Daqawlu'taH batl da-KOW-loo-takh

with honor.

Animal! Ha'DIbaH KHA-di-bakh There's nothing naDev qaS wanI' ramqu' na-DEV kash wa-NI

happening here. ram-KOO

(Is that) understood? yaj'a' yaj-A Your ship is a garbage veQDuj 'oH DujlIj'e' vekkh-DOOJ

okh

scow. DOOJ-lij-E

I have a headache. jIwuQ ji-WOOKKH

Hurry up! tugh toogh Very good! Well done! majQa' maj-KKHA What do you want? nuqneH nook-NEKH

(greeting)

Okay. lu' <or> luq loo <or> look When will the water be ghorgh tujchoHpu' bIQ ghorgh TOOJ-chokh-poo

hot? bikkh Is this seat taken? quSDaQ ba' lu''a' KOOSH-dak BA-loo-a[[quSDaQ ba' lu''a'=>quSDaq ba'lu''a']]

I can't find my QumwI'wIj vItu'laHbe' kkhoom-WI-wij communicator. vi-TOO-lakh-BE

This helmet suits you. Du'IHchoHmoH mIv vam doo-IKH-chokh-mohk [[mIv vam=>mIvvam]]

MIV-vam

You need a rest. bIleSnIS bi-LESH-nish Pay now! DaH yIDIl dakh yi-DIL

Four thousand throats qaStaHvIS wa' ram loS KASH-takh-vish wa ram[[loS=>loSSaD]]

may be cut in one night SaD Hugh SIjlaH losh shad khoogh[[SaD=>]]

by a running man. qetbogh loD SHIJ-lakh KET-bogh

lod

Revenge is a dish which is bortaS bIr jablu'DI'reH bor-TAS bir JAB-loo-DI[[jablu'DI'reH=>jablu'DI' reH]]

best served cold. QaQqu' nay' rekh kkhakkh-KOO ny

How much do you want Dochvetlh DIlmeH Huch DOCH-vetl DIL-mekh

for that? 'ar DaneH khooch ar da-NEKH[[p.172]]

I'm lost. jIHtaHbogh naDev JIKH-takh-bogh na-DEV

vISovbe' vi-shov-BE

I can't eat that. Dochvetlh vISoplaHbe' DOCH-vetl vi-SHOP-lakh-BE

I can't drink that. Dochvetlh vItlhutlhlaHbe' DOCH-vetl vi-TLOOTL-lakh-BE

Go away! naDev vo' yIghoS na-dev-VO yi-GHOSH[[naDev vo'=>naDevvo']]

What do I do with this? chay' Dochvam vIlo' chy DOCH-vam vi-LO

(i.e., How do I use

this?)

What do I do with this? nuqDaq Dochvam vIlan NOOK-dak DOCH-vam

(i.e., Where do I put vi-LAN

this?)

I've never seen him/her not vIleghpu' not vi-LEGH-poo

before.

I didn't do it. vIta'pu'be' vi-TA-poo-BE

I wasn't there. pa' jIHpu'be' pa JIKH-poo-BE

You look terrible. (i.e., You bIpIvHa'law' bi-piv-KHA-law

seem unhealthy.)

You look terrible. (i.e., bImoHqu' bi-mokh-KOO

You're very ugly.)

You lie. bInep bi-NEP

Be quiet! (i.e., Become yItamchoH yi-TAM-chokh quiet!)

Be quiet! (i.e., Don't yIjatlhQo' yi-jatl-KKHO

speak!)

Be quiet! (i.e., Stop bIjatlh 'e' yImev bi-JATL e yi-MEV

speaking!)

Where do I sleep? nuqDaq jIQong NOOK-dak ji-KKHONG

Does it bite? chop'a' chop-A Will you read my ghItlh vIghItlhta'bogh ghitl vi-GHITL-ta-bogh

manuscript? DalaD'a' da-lad-A Where do you keep the nuqDaq yuch Dapol NOOK-dak yooch

chocolate? da-POL

[[p.173]]

INTRODUCTION TO THE

ADDENDUM

The original edition of this dictionary was never intended to contain a complete description of the Klingon language, but only an outline of some of its more important grammatical features and a representative sample of its vocabulary. Since its appearance, study of the language has continued and a great deal more has been learned. Unfortunately, due to a number of factors, including the recession currently affect-ing most of this sector as well as recent political changes, research funds have become more difficult to come by, delaying the completion of analysis of the language. Indeed, work has been stalled on a number of worthwhile projects, including the <Klingon Encyclopedia> and the <Romulan Chrestomathy.> Nevertheless, enough new information has been gleaned about Klingon that adding an addendum to the dictionary, even a brief one, seems beneficial.

In this addendum, the section-numbering system used in the main body of the dictionary is employed so that cross references may be easily made.

Once again, the author would like to thank the Federation Scientific Research Council for its support of this project, and, more importantly, would like to give credit to those who really make this effort possible: the increasing number of Klingons who are eager to share their language and culture with the rest of us. {taHjaj boq.}[[p.174]]

3. NOUNS

3.3.1. Type 1: Noun Suffixes: Augmentative/diminutive

{-oy} <endearment>

This is an infrequently used, but nonetheless very interesting noun suffix. It is a very peculiar suffix because it is the only suffix that begins with a vowel rather than a consonant.

(Though there are no examples, it is suspected that for those few nouns which end in a vowel, {'} is inserted before this suffix.) The suffix usually follows a noun referring to a relative (<mother, father,> etc.), but it could also follow a noun for an animal, especially a pet, and means that the speaker is particularly fond of whatever the noun refers to. It is strongly suggested that non-native speakers of Klingon avoid this suffix unless they know what they are getting into.

{vav} <father> {vavoy} <daddy>

{be'nI'} <sister> {be'nI'oy} <sis>[[p.175]]

4. VERBS

4.2.6. Type 6: Verb Suffixes: Qualification

{-ba'} <obviously>

This suffix is used when the speaker thinks that his or her assertion should be obvious to the listener. Nevertheless, there is still room for doubt; the suffix does not imply as strong a conviction as {-bej} <certainly.>

{nepwI' Daba'} <he/she is obviously lying> ({nepwI'} <liar,>

{Da} <act in the manner of, behave as>) 4.2.9. Type 9: Verb Suffixes: Syntactic markers

{-mo'} <because>

This suffix is identical to the Type 5 noun suffix {-mo'} and has the same meaning, <due to, because of.>

{bIganmo'} <because you are old> ({gan} <be old>)[[gan=>qan]]

{Heghpu'mo' yaS} <because the officer died> ({Hegh} <die,>

{yaS} <officer>)

{-jaj} <may>

This suffix is used to express a desire or wish on the part of the speaker that something take place in the future. When it[[p.176]]

is used, there is never a Type 7 aspect suffix. {-jaj} is often translated with <may> or <let,> and it is particularly useful when placing a curse or making a toast.

{jaghpu'lI' DaghIjjaj} <may you scare your enemies> ({jaghpu'lI'} <your enemies,> {ghIj} <scare>)

{tlhonchaj chIljaj} <may they lose their nostrils> ({tlhonchaj} <their nostrils,> {chIl} <lose>)

{-ghach} <nominalizer>

In Klingon, there are many instances of nouns and verbs being identical in form (e.g., {ta'} <accomplishment, accomplish>). It is not known if all verbs can be used as nouns, but it is known that verbs ending in suffixes (such as {-Ha'} <undo> in

{lobHa'} <disobey>) can never be nouns. The Type 9 suffix

{-ghach,} however, can be attached to such verbs in order to form nouns. Compare the following sets:

{lo'} <use> (noun) ({lo'} <use, make use of>)

{lo'laHghach} <value> ({lo'laH} <be valuable>)

{lo'laHbe'ghach} <worthlessness> ({lo'laHbe'} <be worthless>)

{naD} <commendation> ({naD} <commend>)

{naDHa'ghach} <discommendation>

({naDHa'} <discommend>)

{naDqa'gha'ch} <re-commendation> ({naDqa'} <commend>[[gha'ch=> ghach]]

<again>)[[p.177]]

5. OTHER KINDS OF WORDS

5.4. Adverbials

The list of adverbials given in the original dictionary can be expanded by the addition of the following:

{ghaytan} <likely>

{jaS} <differently>

{nIteb} <alone, acting alone, on one's own>

{pe'vIl} <forcefully>

{SIbI'} <immediately>

The earlier belief that adverbials come only at the beginning of sentences turns out to be not quite accurate. For a more correct description, see Section 6.7.

There is a second word (in addition to {neH} <only, merely>) which fits into this category despite its very peculiar behavior:

{jay'} <intensely>

This word not only intensifies whatever is being said, it turns the whole phrase into an invective. Alone among the adverbials, {jay'} always comes at the end of the sentence.

{qaStaH nuq jay'} <What the #$*@ is happening?> ({qaStaH} <it is occurring,> {nuq} <what?>)

[[p.178]]

{mIch 'elpu' jay'} <They've entered the #$%@ sector!> ({mIch} <sector,> {'elpu'} <they've entered it>) 5.5 Exclamations[[5.5=>5.5.]]

As it turns out, cursing is a one art among Klingons. There are many more curses than those three listed in the earlier edition of the dictionary. It is not always clear how to use the curses, but some are certainly epithetical (used for name-calling), while others seem to have a more general application. A few additional curses are listed below.

<Epithets> <General invective>

{petaQ} {va}

{toDSaH} {ghay'cha'}

{taHqeq} {baQa'}

{yIntagh} {Hu'tegh}

{Qovpatlh}

The invective {va} is actually just a shortened form of

{Qu'vatlh.} Note also that the adverbial {jay'} <intensely> is invective in force (Section 5.4.).[[p.179]]

6. SYNTAX

6.4. Questions

Tag questions (ending a statement with a question such as

``right?'' or `ìsn't that so?'') are formed by using the verb {gar}

[[gar=>qar]]

<be accurate> plus the suffix {-'a'} <interrogative.> This word either follows the verb or else comes at the end of the sentence.

Both of the following are correct:

{De' Sov qar'a' HoD}

{De' Sov HoD qar'a'} <The captain knows the>

<information, right?> ({De'}

<information,> {Sov} <he/she knows it,>

{HoD} <captain>)

6.7. Placement of adverbial elements

It was earlier thought that all adverbials (except {neH} <only>) come at the beginning of the sentence. This is frequently the case, but what is really going on is that the adverbial precedes the object-verb-noun construction. It is possible for an element of another type to precede the adverb. Most commonly, this is a time element (a noun or phrase meaning

<today, at six o'clock,> etc.).

{DaHjaj nom Soppu'} <Today they ate quickly> ({DaHjaj}

<today,> {nom} <quickly,> {Soppu'} <they>

<ate>)[[p.180]]

The adverbial may actually follow the object noun (but still precede the verb) when the object noun is topicalized by means of the noun suffix {-'e'} (see Section 3.3.5.).

{HaqwI' 'e' DaH yISam} <Find the SURGEON now!>[[HaqwI' 'e'=> HaqwI''e']]

({HaqwI'} <surgeon,> {DaH} <now,>

{yISam} <find him/her!>)

6.8. Indirect objects

While the object of the verb is the recipient of the action, the indirect object may be considered the beneficiary. In a Klingon sentence, the indirect object precedes the object and is suffixed with the Type 5 noun suffix {-vaD} <for, intended for.> The suffix may be attached to either a noun or a pronoun.

{yaSvaD taj nobpu' qama'} <The prisoner gave the officer>

<the knife> ({yaS} <officer,> {taj}

<knife,> {nobpu'} <gave,> {qama'}

<prisoner>)

{chaHvaD Soj qem yaS} <The officer brings them food> ({chaH} <they,> {Soj} <food,> {qem}

<bring,> {yaS} <officer>)[[p.181]]

KLINGON-ENGLISH

bagh

tie (v)

beQ

be flat (v)

betleH

type of hand weapon (n)

bIj

punish (v)

bIj

punishment (n)

bIreQtagh

bregit lung (n)

boQ

aid, assistance (n)

chab

pie, tart, dumpling (n)

chIl

lose, misplace (v)

chov

assess, evaluate (v)

cho'

succession (n)

cho'

succeed (to authority) (v)

chuS'ugh

type of musical instrument (n)

chu'wI'

trigger (n)

Da

behave as, act in the manner of (v)

DaHjaj

today (n)

Daj

test inconclusively (v)

Daq

site, location (n)

Dargh

tea (n)

Degh

medal, emblem, symbol, insignia (n)

DI

litter, rubble, debris (n)

DoD

mark (in coordinates) (n)

DungluQ

noon (n)

Duy'a'

ambassador (n)

ghaytan

likely (adv)[[p.182]]

ghew

bug, cootie (n)

ghe''or

netherworld

(where dishonored go) (n)

ghoch

track, track down (v)

ghojmoq

nurse, nanny, governess (n)

ghuv

recruit (n)

Haqtaj

scalpel (n)

HaqwI'

surgeon (n)

Ha'DIbaH

meat, animal (n)

Hegh

death (n)

Hergh QaywI',

hypo, pneumatic hypo (n)

HerghwI'

HIj

deliver, transport goods (v)

HoH

killing (n)

jaS

differently (adv)

jatlh

say (v)

jay'

intensely (invective) (adv)

ja'chuq

succession ritual (ancient) (n)

jech

disguise, costume (n)

jey

itinerary (n)

jIH

monitor (v)

jogh

quadrant (n)

juHqo'

home world (n)

lagh

ensign (n)

lagh

take apart, disassemble (v)

latlh

additional one, other one (n)

la'quv

Supreme Commander (n)

la''a'

commandant (n)

len

recess, break (n)

LeSSov

foresight (n)[[LeSSov=>leSSov]]

lIngwI'

generator (n)

lo'

use (n)

lupDujHom

shuttlecraft (n)

lurgh

direction (spatial) (n)

mangHom

cadet (n)

matlh

be loyal (v)

mej

leave, depart (v)

meqba'

legal proceeding, type of (n)

mIw

procedure, process (n)

morgh

protest (v)

mun

intervene (v)[[p.183]]

muvmoH

recruit (v)

muvtay

initiation (n)

nab

plan, procedure (n)

naD

praise, commend, approve (v)

naD

commendation (n)

naDHa'

discommend, disapprove (v)

naDHa'ghach

discommendation (n)

naH

fruit, vegetable (n)

naQ

be full, whole, entire (v)

naQ

cain, staff (n)

nargh

escape (v)

nejwI'

probe (n)

nenghep

Age of Ascension (n)

nentay

Rite of Ascension (n)

nImbuS wej

Nimbus III (n)

nIS

disrupt, interfere with (v)

nIteb

alone, acting alone (adv)

nItlhpach

fingernail (n)

noH

war (n)

notlh

be obsolete (v)

nuHmey

arsenal (n)

nuqjatlh

what did you say?

huh? what? (excl)

ngeHbej

cosmos (n)

ngoch

policy (n)

pach

claw (n)

patlh

rank (military, governmental) (n)

peHghep

Age of Inclusion (n)

peQ

magnetism (n)

peQ chem

magnetic field (n)

pe'vIl

forcefully, by force (adv)

pIn'a'

master (n)

pIpyuS

pipius (n)

pIw

odor (n)

pop

reward (n)

potlh

be important (v)

qaD

challenge (n)

qaD

challenge (v)

qagh

serpent worm (as food) (n)

qaq

be preferable (v)

qar

be accurate (v)[[p.184]]

qawHaq

data banks (singular) (n)

qel

consider, take into account (v)

qIt

be possible (v)

qo'

world, realm (n)

qughDuj

cruiser (n)

qumwI'

governor (n)

qutluch

type of hand weapon (n)

quv

honor (n)

quv

be honored (v)

quvmoH

honor (v)

QaH

help (n)

Qang

chancellor (n)

QI'tomer

Khitomer (n)

QI'tu'

Paradise (n)

Qol

beam away (v)

Qo'

no, I disagree (excl)

Qo'noS

Kronos (n)

ra'ghomquv

High Command (n)

rI'

hail (v)

rI'Se'

hailing frequency (n)

ro'qegh'Iwchab

rokeg blood pie (n)

ruch

proceed, go ahead, do it (v)

rura' pente'

Rura Penthe (n)

ruStay

bonding ritual (n)

Sam

locate, seek and find (v)

sIbI'

immediately (adv)[[sIbI'=>SIbI']]

Sogh

lieutenant (n)

Soj

food (n)

SonchIy

death ritual (for a leader) (n)

Sov

knowledge (n)

SuD

gamble, take a chance,

take a risk (v)

Sugh

install (in office) (v)

SuvwI'

warrior (n)

tagh

lung (n)

tagh

begin a process, initiate (v)

taH

continue, go on, endure (v)

targh

targ (n)

tay

ceremony, rite, ritual (n)

tob

test conclusively, prove (v)

toD

rescue (n)[[p.185]]

toDuj

courage, bravery (n)

toQDuj

Bird of Prey (vessel) (n)

totlh

commodore (n)

toy'wI''a'

slave (n)

tlham

gravity (n)

tlhIj

apologize (v)

tlhIlHal

mine (n)

tlhIngan Hubbeq

Klingon Defense Force (n)

tlhob

request, ask, plead (v)

tlho'

appreciation, gratitude (n)

tlho'

thank (v)

vaj

warrior (n)

van

salute, tribute (n)

van'a'

award (n)

vaq

mock (v)

vaS

hall, assembly hall (n)

vaS'a'

Great Hall (n)

veH tIn

Great Barrier (n)

veqlargh

devil, demon, Fek'lhr (n)

verengan

Ferengi (n)

veSDuj

warship (n)

vID

be belligerent (v)

vIH

move, be in motion (v)

vIt

truth (n)

vI'

sharpshooting,

marksmanship (n)

weQ

candle (n)

woj

radiation (n)

woj choHwI'

reactor (n)

wuq

decide upon (v)

yagh

organism (n)

yaH

be taken away (v)

yejquv

High Council (n)

'aH

paraphernalia (n)

'aj

admiral (n)

'ech

brigadier (n)

'evnagh

subspace (n)

'oD

arbitrate, mediate (v)

'otlh

photon (n)

'oy'naQ

painstick (n)[[p.186]]

ENGLISH-KLINGON

accurate, be accurate (v)

qar

act in the manner of, behave as (v)

Da

additional one, other one (n)

latlh

admiral (n)

'aj

Age of Ascension (n)

nenghep

Age of Inclusion (n)

peHghep

aid, assistance (n)

boQ

alone, acting alone (adv)

nIteb

ambassador (n)

Duy'a'

apologize (v)

tlhIj

appreciation, gratitude (n)

tlho'

approve, commend, praise (v)

naD

arbitrate, mediate (v)

'oD

arsenal (n)

nuHmey

assess, evaluate (v)

chov

award (n)

van'a'

beam away (v)

Qol

begin a process, initiate (v)

tagh

behave as, act in the manner of (v)

Da

belligerent, be belligerent (v)

vID

Bird of Prey (vessel) (n)

toQDuj

bonding ritual (n)

ruStay

break, recess (n)

len

bregit lung (n)

bIreQtagh

brigadier (n)

'ech[[p.187]]

bug, cootie (n)

ghew

cadet (n)

mangHom

cain, staff (n)

naQ

candle (n)

weQ

ceremony, rite, ritual (n)

tay

challenge (v)

qaD

challenge (n)

qaD

chance, take a chance, gamble (v)

SuD

chancellor (n)

Qang

claw (n)

pach

commandant (n)

la''a'

commend, approve, praise (v)

naD

commendation (n)

naD

commodore (n)

totlh

complete, be complete, whole (v)

naQ

consider, take into account (v)

qel

continue, go on, endure (v)

taH

cosmos (n)

ngeHbej

costume, disguise (n)

jech

courage, bravery (n)

toDuj

cruiser (n)

qughDuj

data banks (singular) (n)

qawHaq

death (n)

Hegh

death ritual (for a leader) (n)

SonchIy

debris, litter, rubble (n)

DI

decide upon (v)

wuq

deliver, transport goods (v)

HIj

devil, demon, Fek'lhr (n)

veqlargh

differently (adv)

jaS

direction (spatial) (n)

lurgh

disassemble, take apart (v)

lagh

discommend, disapprove (v)

naDHa'

discommendation (n)

naDHa'ghach

disguise, costume (n)

jech

disrupt, interfere with (v)

nIS

emblem, symbol,

Degh

medal, insignia (n)

endure, continue, go on (v)

taH

ensign (n)

lagh

escape (v)

nargh

evaluate, assess (v)

chov[[p.188]]

Ferengi (n)

verengan

fingernail (n)

nItlhpach

flat, be flat (v)

beQ

food (n)

Soj

forcefully, by force (adv)

pe'vIl

foresight (n)

leSSov

fruit, vegetable (n)

naH

full, be full, whole, entire (v)

naQ

gamble, take a chance,

SuD

take a risk (v)

generator (n)

lIngwI'

governess, nurse, nanny (n)

ghojmoq

governor (n)

qumwI'

gratitude, appreciation (n)

tlho'

gravity (n)

tlham

Great Hall (n)

vaS'a'

Great Barrier (n)

veH tIn

hail (v)

rI'

hailing frequency (n)

rI'Se'

hall, assembly hall (n)

vaS

help (n)

QaH

High Council (n)

yejquv

High Command (n)

ra'ghomquv

home world (n)

juHqo'

honor (n)

quv

honor (v)

quvmoH

honored, be honored (v)

quv

hypo, pneumatic

Hergh QaywI',

hypo (n)

HerghwI'

immediately (adv)

sIbI'[[sIbI'=>SIbI']]

important, be important (v)

potlh

initiate proceedings,

tagh

begin process (v)

initiation (n)

muvtay

install (in office) (v)

Sugh

intensely (invective) (adv)

jay'

interfere with, disrupt (v)

nIS

intervene (v)

mun

itinerary (n)

jey

Khitomer (n)

QI'tomer

killing (n)

HoH[[p.189]]

Klingon Defense Force (n)

tlhIngan Hubbeq

knowledge (n)

Sov

Kronos (n)

Qo'noS

leave, depart (v)

mej

legal proceeding, type of (n)

meqba'

lieutenant (n)

Sogh

likely (adv)

ghaytan

litter, rubble, debris (n)

DI

locate, seek and find (v)

Sam

location, site (n)

Daq

lose, misplace (v)

chIl

loyal, be loyal (v)

matlh

lung (n)

tagh

magnetic field (n)

peQ chem

magnetism (n)

peQ

mark (in coordinates) (n)

DoD

marksmanship,

vI'

sharpshooting (n)

master (n)

pIn'a'

meat, animal (n)

Ha'DIbaH

medal, emblem,

Degh

symbol, insignia (n)

mediate, arbitrate (v)

'oD

mine (n)

tlhIlHal

mock (v)

vaq

monitor (v)

jIH

move, be in motion (v)

vIH

musical instrument, type of (n)

chuS'ugh

netherworld

ghe''or

(where dishonored go) (n)

Nimbus III (n)

nImbuS wej

no, I disagree (excl)

Qo'

noon (n)

DungluQ

nurse, nanny, governess (n)

ghojmoq

obsolete, be obsolete (v)

notlh

odor (n)

pIw

organism (n)

yagh

other one, additional one (n)

latlh

painstick (n)

'oy'naQ

Paradise (n)

QI'tu'

paraphernalia (n)

'aH[[p.190]]

photon (n)

'otlh

pie, tart, dumpling (n)

chab

pipius (n)

pIpyuS

plan, procedure (n)

nab

policy (n)

ngoch

possible, be possible (v)

qIt

praise, commend, approve (v)

naD

preferable, be preferable (v)

qaq

probe (n)

nejwI'

procedure, process (n)

mIw

proceed, go ahead, do it (v)

ruch

protest (v)

morgh

punish (v)

bIj

punishment (n)

bIj

quadrant (n)

jogh

radiation (n)

woj

rank (military, governmental) (n)

patlh

reactor (n)

woj choHwI'

realm, world (n)

qo'

recess, break (n)

len

recruit (n)

ghuv

recruit (v)

muvmoH

request, ask, plead (v)

tlhob

rescue (n)

toD

reward (n)

pop

risk, take a risk, take a chance (v)

SuD

rite, ritual, ceremony (n)

tay

Rite of Ascension (n)

nentay

rokeg blood pie (n)

ro'qegh'Iwchab

Rura Penthe (n)

rura' pente'

salute, tribute (n)

van

say (v)

jatlh

scalpel (n)

Haqtaj

seek and find, locate (v)

Sam

serpent worm (as food) (n)

qagh

sharpshooting, marksmanship (n)

vI'

shuttlecraft (n)

lupDujHom

site, location (n)

Daq

slave (n)

toy'wI''a'

subspace (n)

'evnagh

succeed (to authority) (v)

cho'[[p.191]]

succession (n)

cho'

succession ritual (ancient) (n)

ja'chuq

Supreme Commander (n)

la'quv

surgeon (n)

HaqwI'

take apart, disassemble (v)

lagh

taken away, be taken away (v)

yaH

targ (n)

targh

tart, pie, dumpling (n)

chab

tea (n)

Dargh

test conclusively, prove (v)

tob

test inconclusively (v)

Daj

thank (v)

tlho'

tie (v)

bagh

today (n)

DaHjaj

track, track down (v)

ghoch

traitor (n)

'urwI'

transport goods, deliver (v)

HIj

treason, commit treason (v)

'ur

tribute, salute (n)

van

trigger (n)

chu'wI'

truth (n)

vIt

use (n)

lo'

vegetable, fruit (n)

naH

war (n)

noH

warrior (n)

SuvwI', vaj

warship (n)

veSDuj

weapon:

qutluch, betleH

types of hand weapons (n)

what did you say?

nuqjatlh

huh? what? (excl)

whole, be whole, full, entire (v)

naQ

world, realm (n)

qo'[[p.192]]

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